Journal article
Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study
JAMA pediatrics, Vol.171(6), pp.573-592
2017
DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0250
PMCID: PMC5540012
PMID: 28384795
Abstract
Comprehensive and timely monitoring of disease burden in all age groups, including children and adolescents, is essential for improving population health.
To quantify and describe levels and trends of mortality and nonfatal health outcomes among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2015 to provide a framework for policy discussion.
Cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes were analyzed for 195 countries and territories by age group, sex, and year from 1990 to 2015 using standardized approaches for data processing and statistical modeling, with subsequent analysis of the findings to describe levels and trends across geography and time among children and adolescents 19 years or younger. A composite indicator of income, education, and fertility was developed (Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) for each geographic unit and year, which evaluates the historical association between SDI and health loss.
Global child and adolescent mortality decreased from 14.18 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 14.09 million to 14.28 million) deaths in 1990 to 7.26 million (95% UI, 7.14 million to 7.39 million) deaths in 2015, but progress has been unevenly distributed. Countries with a lower SDI had a larger proportion of mortality burden (75%) in 2015 than was the case in 1990 (61%). Most deaths in 2015 occurred in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Global trends were driven by reductions in mortality owing to infectious, nutritional, and neonatal disorders, which in the aggregate led to a relative increase in the importance of noncommunicable diseases and injuries in explaining global disease burden. The absolute burden of disability in children and adolescents increased 4.3% (95% UI, 3.1%-5.6%) from 1990 to 2015, with much of the increase owing to population growth and improved survival for children and adolescents to older ages. Other than infectious conditions, many top causes of disability are associated with long-term sequelae of conditions present at birth (eg, neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and hemoglobinopathies) and complications of a variety of infections and nutritional deficiencies. Anemia, developmental intellectual disability, hearing loss, epilepsy, and vision loss are important contributors to childhood disability that can arise from multiple causes. Maternal and reproductive health remains a key cause of disease burden in adolescent females, especially in lower-SDI countries. In low-SDI countries, mortality is the primary driver of health loss for children and adolescents, whereas disability predominates in higher-SDI locations; the specific pattern of epidemiological transition varies across diseases and injuries.
Consistent international attention and investment have led to sustained improvements in causes of health loss among children and adolescents in many countries, although progress has been uneven. The persistence of infectious diseases in some countries, coupled with ongoing epidemiologic transition to injuries and noncommunicable diseases, require all countries to carefully evaluate and implement appropriate strategies to maximize the health of their children and adolescents and for the international community to carefully consider which elements of child and adolescent health should be monitored.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Child and Adolescent Health From 1990 to 2015: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2015 Study
- Creators
- Nicholas Kassebaum - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationHmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of WashingtonLeo Zoeckler - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationHelen Elizabeth Olsen - University of WashingtonKatie Thomas - University of WashingtonChristine Pinho - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationZulfiqar A Bhutta - Aga Khan UniversityLalit Dandona - Public Health Foundation of IndiaAlize Ferrari - The University of QueenslandTsegaye Tewelde Ghiwot - Jimma UniversitySimon I Hay - University of WashingtonYohannes Kinfu - University of CanberraXiaofeng Liang - Chinese Center For Disease Control and PreventionAlan Lopez - The University of MelbourneDeborah Carvalho Malta - Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisAli H Mokdad - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationMohsen Naghavi - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationGeorge C Patton - Murdoch Children's Research InstituteJoshua Salomon - Harvard UniversityBenn Sartorius - University of KwaZulu-NatalRoman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian UniversityStein Emil Vollset - Norwegian Institute of Public HealthAndrea Werdecker - Federal Institute for Population ResearchHarvey A Whiteford - The University of QueenslandKalkidan Hasen Abate - Jimma UniversityKaja Abbas - Virginia TechSolomon Abrha Damtew - Wolaita Sodo UniversityMuktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma UniversityNadia Akseer - Hospital for Sick ChildrenRajaa Al-Raddadi - Ministry of HealthMulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu - Mekelle UniversityKhalid Altirkawi - King Saud UniversityAmanuel Alemu Abajobir - The University of QueenslandAzmeraw T Amare - The University of AdelaideCarl A T Antonio - University of the Philippines ManilaJohan Arnlov - Uppsala UniversityAl Artaman - University of ManitobaHamid Asayesh - Qom University of Medical Science and Health ServicesEuripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho - Institute de Recherche Clinique du Bénin, Cotonou, BeninAshish Awasthi - Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesBeatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe UniversityUmar Bacha - University of Management and TechnologyBalem Demtsu Betsu - Mekelle UniversityAleksandra Barac - University of BelgradeTill Winfried Bärnighausen - Harvard UniversityEstifanos Baye - Monash UniversityNeeraj Bedi - Jazan UniversityIsabela M Bensenor - Universidade de São PauloAdugnaw Berhane - Debre Berhan UniversityEduardo Bernabe - King's College LondonOscar Alberto Bernal - Universidad de Los AndesAddisu Shunu Beyene - Haramaya UniversitySibhatu Biadgilign - Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaBoris Bikbov - V.I.Shumakov Federal Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial OrgansCheryl Anne Boyce - National Heart Lung and Blood InstituteAlexandra Brazinova - University of TrnavaGessessew Bugssa Hailu - Mekelle UniversityAustin Carter - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationCarlos A Castañeda-Orjuela - Instituto Nacional de SaludFerrán Catalá-López - Universitat de ValènciaFiona J Charlson - The University of QueenslandAbdulaal A Chitheer - Ministry of HealthJee-Young Jasmine Choi - Seoul National UniversityLiliana G Ciobanu - The University of AdelaideJohn Crump - University of OtagoRakhi Dandona - Public Health Foundation of IndiaRobert P Dellavalle - Colorado School of Public HealthAmare Deribew - University of OxfordGabrielle deVeber - Hospital for Sick ChildrenDaniel Dicker - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationEric L Ding - Harvard UniversityManisha Dubey - International Institute for Population SciencesAmanuel Yesuf Endries - Arba Minch UniversityHolly E Erskine - Queensland Centre for Mental Health ResearchEmerito Jose Aquino Faraon - University of the Philippines ManilaAndre Faro - Universidade Federal de SergipeFarshad Farzadfar - Tehran University of Medical SciencesJoao C Fernandes - Universidade Católica PortuguesaDaniel Obadare Fijabi - Brandeis UniversityChristina Fitzmaurice - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationThomas D Fleming - University of WashingtonLuisa Sorio Flor - Escola Nacional de Saúde PúblicaKyle J Foreman - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationRichard C Franklin - James Cook UniversityMaya S Fraser - University of WashingtonJoseph J Frostad - Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationNancy Fullman - University of WashingtonGebremedhin Berhe Gebregergs - Mekelle UniversityAlemseged Aregay Gebru - Mekelle UniversityJohanna M Geleijnse - Wageningen University & ResearchKatherine B Gibney - Peter Doherty InstituteMahari Gidey Yihdego - Mizan Tepi UniversityIbrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed Ginawi - University of Ha'ilMelkamu Dedefo Gishu - Independent Public Health Consultants, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTessema Assefa Gizachew - The University of AdelaideElizabeth Glaser - Brandeis UniversityAudra L Gold - University of WashingtonEllen Goldberg - University of WashingtonPhilimon Gona - University of Massachusetts BostonAtsushi Goto - National Cancer Center, Tokyo, JapanGlobal Burden of Disease Child and Adolescent Health CollaborationDavid C Schwebel (Contributor) - Research Administration
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- JAMA pediatrics, Vol.171(6), pp.573-592
- DOI
- 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0250
- PMID
- 28384795
- PMCID
- PMC5540012
- NLM abbreviation
- JAMA Pediatr
- ISSN
- 2168-6203
- eISSN
- 2168-6211
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 2017
- Academic Unit
- Research Administration
- Record Identifier
- 9984949196102771
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