Journal article
Cigarette Smoking and Longitudinal Associations With Blood Pressure: The CARDIA Study
Journal of the American Heart Association, Vol.10(9), pp.e019566-e019566
05/04/2021
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019566
PMCID: PMC8200766
PMID: 33902307
Abstract
Background
The associations of chronic cigarette smoking with blood pressure (BP) remain mixed. It is unclear whether a lack of examination of racial differences contributed to the mixed findings in previous studies. Black smokers metabolize nicotine at a slower rate than White smokers and racial discrimination contributes to nicotine dependence and higher BP among Black smokers.
Methods and Results
We studied the association between cigarette smoking and longitudinal (30-year) changes in systolic BP, diastolic BP, and pulse pressure (PP) in 4786 Black and White individuals from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study using repeated-measures regression models. Neither systolic BP, nor diastolic BP differed between Black consistent smokers compared with Black never smokers, although Black consistent smokers had higher PP than Black never smokers (beta=1.01 mm Hg, P=0.028). White consistent smokers had similar systolic BP, but lower diastolic BP (beta=-2.27 mm Hg, P<0.001) and higher PP (beta=1.59 mm Hg, P<0.001) compared with White never smokers. There were no differences in systolic BP, diastolic BP, or PP between Black or White long-term former smokers compared with never smokers (all P>0.05).
Conclusions
Although the associations of cigarette smoking with alterations in BP are small, the greater PP observed in consistent smokers may contribute in part to the higher cardiovascular disease risk observed in this group because PP is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease risk after middle age.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Cigarette Smoking and Longitudinal Associations With Blood Pressure: The CARDIA Study
- Creators
- Rachel E Luehrs - University of IowaDong Zhang - University of IowaGary L Pierce - University of IowaDavid R Jacobs - University of MinnesotaRavi Kalhan - Northwestern UniversityKara M Whitaker - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of the American Heart Association, Vol.10(9), pp.e019566-e019566
- DOI
- 10.1161/JAHA.120.019566
- PMID
- 33902307
- PMCID
- PMC8200766
- NLM abbreviation
- J Am Heart Assoc
- ISSN
- 2047-9980
- eISSN
- 2047-9980
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Number of pages
- 22
- Grant note
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI); United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01 HL122477 / NHLBI; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) HHSN268201800006I / University of Minnesota; University of Minnesota System P30 ES005605 / University of Iowa Environmental Health Sciences Research Center pilot grant from NIEHS HHSN268201800003I / Northwestern University HHSN268201800004I / Kaiser Foundation Research Institute 19PRE34400003 / American Heart Association; American Heart Association HHSN268201800005I; HHSN268201800007I / University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/04/2021
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Health, Sport, and Human Physiology ; Internal Medicine
- Record Identifier
- 9984245667002771
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