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Citizenship, legal status, and misdemeanor justice
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Citizenship, legal status, and misdemeanor justice

Michael T. Light, Jason P. Robey and Jungmyung Kim
Criminology (Beverly Hills), Vol.62(4), pp.655-703
11/01/2024
DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12387
url
https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12387View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Although minor forms of criminal justice contact are increasingly used to identify immigration violators, little research has been conducted at the intersection of immigration and misdemeanor justice. As a result, citizenship remains undertheorized in punishment research and fundamental questions remain unanswered. In this article, we introduce the "crimmigrant" punishment framework to conceptualize the unique case processing consequences for non-U.S. citizens and undocumented immigrants. We then draw on rich case data from all misdemeanor arrests in Texas and California between 2006 and 2018 to establish four notable findings. (1) Misdemeanors are common and consequential. We observe more than 1.4 million misdemeanor arrests involving non-U.S. citizens, the overwhelming majority of which resulted in criminal charges and formal punishments. (2) The offenses that funnel noncitizens into the misdemeanor system are similar to those of U.S. citizens; however, we do observe an appreciable number of arrests linked to noncitizens' legal status (e.g., giving false information). (3) Once in the misdemeanor system, noncitizens, and especially undocumented immigrants, are significantly more likely to be convicted and incarcerated compared with similarly situated U.S. citizens. (4) These disparities are more severe in Texas than in California.
 Criminology & Penology Social Sciences

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