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Clinical and economic consequences of first-year urinary tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia in contemporary kidney transplantation practice
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Clinical and economic consequences of first-year urinary tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia in contemporary kidney transplantation practice

Abhijit S Naik, Vikas R Dharnidharka, Mark A Schnitzler, Daniel C Brennan, Dorry L Segev, David Axelrod, Huiling Xiao, Lauren Kucirka, Jiajing Chen and Krista L Lentine
Transplant international, Vol.29(2), pp.241-252
02/2016
DOI: 10.1111/tri.12711
PMCID: PMC4805426
PMID: 26563524
url
https://doi.org/10.1111/tri.12711View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

We examined United States Renal Data System registry records for Medicare-insured kidney transplant recipients in 2000-2011 to study the clinical and cost impacts of urinary tract infections (UTI), pneumonia, and sepsis in the first year post-transplant among a contemporary, national cohort. Infections were identified by billing diagnostic codes. Among 60 702 recipients, 45% experienced at least one study infection in the first year post-transplant, including UTI in 32%, pneumonia in 13%, and sepsis in 12%. Older recipient age, female sex, diabetic kidney failure, nonstandard criteria organs, sirolimus-based immunosuppression, and steroids at discharge were associated with increased risk of first-year infections. By time-varying, multivariate Cox regression, all study infections predicted increased first-year mortality, ranging from 41% (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25-1.56) for UTI alone, 6- to 12-fold risk for pneumonia or sepsis alone, to 34-fold risk (aHR 34.38, 95% CI 30.35-38.95) for those with all three infections. Infections also significantly increased first-year costs, from $17 691 (standard error (SE) $591) marginal cost increase for UTI alone, to approximately $40 000-$50 000 (SE $1054-1238) for pneumonia or sepsis alone, to $134 773 (SE $1876) for those with UTI, pneumonia, and sepsis. Clinical and economic impacts persisted in years 2-3 post-transplant. Early infections reflect important targets for management protocols to improve post-transplant outcomes and reduce costs of care.
Adolescent Adult Aged Female Health Expenditures Humans Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects Kidney Transplantation - mortality Male Middle Aged Pneumonia - economics Pneumonia - etiology Sepsis - economics Sepsis - etiology Urinary Tract Infections - economics Urinary Tract Infections - etiology

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