Clinical features of talaromycosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) and patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies

Kawisara Krasaewes; Narootchai Patanadamrongchai; Quanhathai Kaewpoowat; Jiraprapa Wipasa; Saowaluck Yasri; Antika Wongthanee; Romanee Chaiwarith

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0012992

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Clinical features of talaromycosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) and patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Clinical features of talaromycosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) and patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies

Kawisara Krasaewes, Narootchai Patanadamrongchai, Quanhathai Kaewpoowat, Jiraprapa Wipasa, Saowaluck Yasri, Antika Wongthanee and Romanee Chaiwarith

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Vol.19(5), e0012992

05/2025

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012992

PMCID: PMC12064013

PMID: 40344159

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Abstract

Talaromycosis is increasingly reported in HIV-uninfected, immunocompromised individuals in an endemic area. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and mortality associated with talaromycosis in adult immunocompromised individuals caused by the anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody (anti-IFN- γ AAb) with those of people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Thailand, in adults with confirmed HIV infection or anti-IFN- γ-AAbs diagnosed with talaromycosis. Thirty-two patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs and 235 PWHA were included. Patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs were older and more likely to have comorbidities. PWHA were more likely to have constitutional symptoms, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, splenomegaly, umbilicated skin lesions, abnormal chest radiographs, and fungemia. Patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs were more likely to have skin lesions such as macule/papules/nodules, abscesses and Sweet's syndrome, as well as bone and joint infections and higher white blood cell counts. The time from first symptom to treatment was longer in patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs (44.5 days vs. 30.0 days, p-value = 0.049). The 24-week mortality rate was 9.4% (3 patients) in patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs and 15.3% (36 patients) in PWHA (p-value = 0.372). The clinical features of talaromycosis in patients with anti-IFN- γ-AAbs differed from PWHA. Clinicians in areas where talaromycosis is endemic should be aware of the different features of talaromycosis in patients with anti-IFN- γ AAbs.

Adult

Aged

Autoantibodies - blood

Autoantibodies - immunology

Female

HIV Infections - complications

HIV Infections - immunology

Humans

Immunocompromised Host

Interferon-gamma - immunology

Male

Middle Aged

Mycoses - epidemiology

Mycoses - immunology

Mycoses - mortality

Mycoses - pathology

Retrospective Studies

Thailand - epidemiology

Young Adult

Details

Title: Subtitle: Clinical features of talaromycosis in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA) and patients with anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies
Creators: Kawisara Krasaewes - Chiang Mai University
Narootchai Patanadamrongchai - Chiang Mai University
Quanhathai Kaewpoowat - University of Iowa
Jiraprapa Wipasa - Chiang Mai University
Saowaluck Yasri - Chiang Mai University
Antika Wongthanee - Chiang Mai University
Romanee Chaiwarith - Chiang Mai University
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Vol.19(5), e0012992
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012992
PMID: 40344159
PMCID: PMC12064013
NLM abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
ISSN: 1935-2735
eISSN: 1935-2735
Publisher: PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
Language: English
Date published: 05/2025
Academic Unit: Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984820572302771

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