Journal article
Cochlear implants: Causes, effects and mitigation strategies for the foreign body response and inflammation
Hearing research, Vol.422, pp.108536-108536
09/01/2022
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108536
PMCID: PMC9684357
PMID: 35709579
Abstract
•Foreign body response (FBR) following cochlear implantation affects the residual hearing and efficiency of cochlear implant.•Cellular, molecular, anatomical, and systemic aspects of foreign body response following cochlear implantation in human subjects, animal models and in vitro has been reviewed.•Pharmacological approaches, surgical techniques, implant materials, and the degree and type of electrical stimulation to mitigate the foreign body response has been highlighted.
Cochlear implants provide effective auditory rehabilitation for patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in cochlear implant technology and surgical approaches have enabled a greater number of patients to benefit from this technology, including those with significant residual low frequency acoustic hearing. Nearly all cochleae implanted with a cochlear implant electrode array develop an inflammatory and fibrotic response. This tissue reaction can have deleterious consequences for implant function, residual acoustic hearing, and the development of the next generation of cochlear prosthetics. This article reviews the current understanding of the inflammatory/foreign body response (FBR) after cochlear implant surgery, its impact on clinical outcome, and therapeutic strategies to mitigate this response. Findings from both in human subjects and animal models across a variety of species are highlighted. Electrode array design, surgical techniques, implant materials, and the degree and type of electrical stimulation are some critical factors that affect the FBR and inflammation. Modification of these factors and various anti-inflammatory pharmacological interventions have been shown to mitigate the inflammatory/FBR response. Ongoing and future approaches that seek to limit surgical trauma and curb the FBR to the implanted biomaterials of the electrode array are discussed. A better understanding of the anatomical, cellular and molecular basis of the inflammatory/FBR response after cochlear implantation has the potential to improve the outcome of current cochlear implants and also facilitate the development of the next generation of neural prostheses.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Cochlear implants: Causes, effects and mitigation strategies for the foreign body response and inflammation
- Creators
- Muhammad T. Rahman - University of IowaDivya A. Chari - Harvard UniversityGail Ishiyama - University of California, Los AngelesIvan Lopez - University of California, Los AngelesAlicia M. Quesnel - Harvard UniversityAkira Ishiyama - University of California, Los AngelesJoseph B. Nadol - Harvard UniversityMarlan R. Hansen - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Hearing research, Vol.422, pp.108536-108536
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108536
- PMID
- 35709579
- PMCID
- PMC9684357
- NLM abbreviation
- Hear Res
- ISSN
- 0378-5955
- eISSN
- 1878-5891
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V
- Grant note
- DOI: 10.13039/100000002, name: NIH
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 09/01/2022
- Academic Unit
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics; Neurosurgery; Otolaryngology
- Record Identifier
- 9984297499302771
Metrics
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