Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle; Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika; Kit-Kay Mak; Abhishek Parolia; Muneer Gohar Babar; Cynthia Yiu; Umer Daood

doi:10.3390/molecules26216605

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Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

Journal article

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Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

Mohammed Nadeem Bijle, Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika, Kit-Kay Mak, Abhishek Parolia, Muneer Gohar Babar, Cynthia Yiu and Umer Daood

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.26(21), p.6605

10/31/2021

DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605

PMCID: 8586951

PMID: 34771014

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Abstract

This study's objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation's effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Chemistry

Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Physical Sciences

Science & Technology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition
Creators: Mohammed Nadeem Bijle - University of Hong Kong
Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika - IMU University
Kit-Kay Mak - IMU University
Abhishek Parolia - IMU University
Muneer Gohar Babar - IMU University
Cynthia Yiu - University of Hong Kong
Umer Daood - IMU University
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.26(21), p.6605
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605
PMID: 34771014
PMCID: 8586951
NLM abbreviation: Molecules
ISSN: 1420-3049
eISSN: 1420-3049
Publisher: Mdpi
Number of pages: 16
Grant note: 492/2020 / International Medical University
Language: English
Date published: 10/31/2021
Academic Unit: Endodontics
Record Identifier: 9984446279502771

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