Journal article
Concentrations and Risks of p-Dichlorobenzene in Indoor and Outdoor Air
Indoor air, Vol.23(1), pp.40-49
07/18/2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00796.x
PMCID: PMC3501547
PMID: 22725685
Abstract
p-Dichlorobenzene (PDCB) is a chlorinated volatile organic compound (VOC) that can be encountered at high concentrations in buildings due to its use as pest repellent and deodorant. This study characterizes PDCB concentrations in four communities in southeast Michigan. The median concentration outside 145 homes was 0.04 µg m
−3
, and the median concentration inside 287 homes was 0.36 µg m
−3
. The distribution of indoor concentrations was extremely skewed. For example, 30% of the homes exceeded 0.91 µg m
−3
, which corresponds to a cancer risk level of 10
−5
based on the California unit risk estimate, and 4% of homes exceeded 91 µg m
−3
, equivalent to a 10
−3
risk level. The single highest measurement was 4,100 µg m
−3
. Estimates of whole house emission rates were largely consistent with chamber test results in the literature. Indoor concentrations that exceed a few µg m
−3
indicate use of PDCB products. PDCB concentrations differed among households and the four cities, suggesting the importance of locational, cultural and behavioral factors in the use patterns of this chemical. The high PDCB levels found suggest the need for policies and actions to lower exposures, e.g., sales or use restrictions, improved labeling, and consumer education.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Concentrations and Risks of p-Dichlorobenzene in Indoor and Outdoor Air
- Creators
- Jo-Yu Chin - University of MichiganChristopher Godwin - University of MichiganChunrong Jia - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Detroit, MI, USAThomas Robins - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Detroit, MI, USAToby Lewis - University of Michigan Medical SchoolEdith Parker - University of Iowa, Community and Behavioral HealthPaul Max - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Detroit, MI, USAStuart Batterman - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA Department of Health and Wellness Promotion, Detroit, MI, USA
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Indoor air, Vol.23(1), pp.40-49
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00796.x
- PMID
- 22725685
- PMCID
- PMC3501547
- NLM abbreviation
- Indoor Air
- ISSN
- 0905-6947
- eISSN
- 1600-0668
- Grant note
- R01 ES014566 || ES / National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences : NIEHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/18/2012
- Academic Unit
- Public Health Administration; Injury Prevention Research Center; Public Policy Center (Archive); Community and Behavioral Health
- Record Identifier
- 9984214680502771
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