Concentrations of blood styrene and neurobehavioral function among Gulf state residents in the U.S

Giehae Choi; Diane S Rohlman; Richard K Kwok; Emily J Werder; Kaitlyn G Lawrence; Aaron Blair; Aubrey K Miller; W Braxton Jackson II; Dale P Sandler; Lawrence S Engel

doi:10.1080/09603123.2025.2464086

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Concentrations of blood styrene and neurobehavioral function among Gulf state residents in the U.S

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Concentrations of blood styrene and neurobehavioral function among Gulf state residents in the U.S

Giehae Choi, Diane S Rohlman, Richard K Kwok, Emily J Werder, Kaitlyn G Lawrence, Aaron Blair, Aubrey K Miller, W Braxton Jackson II, Dale P Sandler and Lawrence S Engel

International journal of environmental health research, Vol.35(10), pp.2842-2854

10/03/2025

DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2025.2464086

PMCID: PMC12339754

PMID: 39936180

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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39936180/View

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Abstract

To investigate relationships between blood styrene concentrations and neurobehavioral function among US Gulf State residents. Our study includes 328 Gulf state residents enrolled in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study with data on blood styrene concentrations (2012-2013) and neurobehavioral test results (2014-2016, Behavioral Assessment and Research System and trail making test). We estimated the differences in test scores by blood styrene quartiles and explored effect measure modification by smoking. Styrene was detected in 77% of participants (median: 0.06 ng/ml). We observed only weak associations and no apparent dose-response relationships between styrene levels and performance on any neurobehavioral tests, although some associations were more prominent in males. For some neurobehavioral tests, we observed modestly stronger associations among participants with higher cotinine levels (>15 ng/mL). We found limited support for an association between low-level blood styrene concentration and neurobehavioral test performance, although some associations were stronger among smokers.

neurobehavioral exams

GuLF Study

BARS

Styrene

Details

Title: Subtitle: Concentrations of blood styrene and neurobehavioral function among Gulf state residents in the U.S
Creators: Giehae Choi - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Diane S Rohlman - University of Iowa
Richard K Kwok - National Institutes of Health
Emily J Werder - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Kaitlyn G Lawrence - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Aaron Blair - National Cancer Institute
Aubrey K Miller - Office of the Director, NIEHS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
W Braxton Jackson II - Social and Scientific Systems (United States)
Dale P Sandler - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Lawrence S Engel - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: International journal of environmental health research, Vol.35(10), pp.2842-2854
DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2025.2464086
PMID: 39936180
PMCID: PMC12339754
NLM abbreviation: Int J Environ Health Res
ISSN: 1369-1619
eISSN: 1369-1619
Publisher: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD; ABINGDON
Grant note: Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: ZO1 ES102945 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: T32ES007018
This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [ZO1 ES102945]. GC was supported by a training grant funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32ES007018].
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 02/12/2025
Date published: 10/03/2025
Academic Unit: Public Health Administration; Occupational and Environmental Health; International Programs; Injury Prevention Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984791073302771

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