Journal article
Correlation between active regions' spectra at high radio frequencies and solar flare occurrences
Scientific reports, Vol.15(1), pp.44237-12
01/08/2026
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-27776-2
PMID: 41507228
Abstract
High radio frequencies observations with the Italian network of large single-dish radio telescopes resulted in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}450 solar images between 2018 and 2023 in K-band frequency range (18-26 GHz). Solar radio mapping at these frequencies allows the probing of the Active Regions (ARs) chromospheric magnetic field close to the Transition Region, where strong flares and coronal mass ejection events occur. Enhanced magnetic fields up to 1500-2000 G determine anomalous spectra in the ARs brightness compared to pure free-free emission, due to the addition of a steeper gyro-resonance component also associated with circular polarisation up to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}40%. When a significant AR spectral flattening is detected, the probability of a strong flare occurrence within \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}30 hours is high (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}89% in terms of statistical precision). Despite an approximate weekly cadence of our observations, only \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}12% of strong flares are missed/unpredicted within this time interval. Through a correlation analysis, we assess the trade-off on the sensitivity and the robustness of this physics-based flare forecast method.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Correlation between active regions' spectra at high radio frequencies and solar flare occurrences
- Creators
- Sara Mulas - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariAlberto Pellizzoni - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariMarco Marongiu - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariAdriana Marcucci - IRBM Science ParkSimona Righini - Istituto di Radioastronomia di BolognaMaria Noemi Iacolina - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariElise Egron - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariGiulia Murtas - University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaMatteo Bachetti - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariFrancesco Berrilli - University of Rome Tor VergataAlessandro Cabras - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariRoberto Caocci - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariGian Luigi Deiana - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariSalvatore Luigi Guglielmino - Osservatorio Astrofisico di CataniaColby Haggerty - University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaAdelaide Ladu - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariSara Loru - Osservatorio Astrofisico di CataniaAndrea Maccaferri - Istituto di Radioastronomia di BolognaPasqualino Marongiu - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariAndrea Melis - INAF, Cagliari Astron Observ, Via Sci 5, I-09047 Selargius, CA, ItalyAlessandro Navarrini - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariAlessandro Orfei - Istituto di Radioastronomia di BolognaPierluigi Ortu - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariMauro Pili - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariTonino Pisanu - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariGiuseppe Pupillo - Istituto di Radioastronomia di BolognaAndrea Saba - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariLuca Schirru - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariGiampaolo Serra - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariCaterina Tiburzi - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariGiuseppe Valente - Osservatorio Astronomico di CagliariAlessandra Zanichelli - Istituto di Radioastronomia di BolognaPietro Zucca - Netherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyMauro Messerotti - University of Trieste
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Scientific reports, Vol.15(1), pp.44237-12
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41598-025-27776-2
- PMID
- 41507228
- NLM abbreviation
- Sci Rep
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- eISSN
- 2045-2322
- Publisher
- NATURE PORTFOLIO
- Number of pages
- 12
- Grant note
- Space It Up / Italian Space Agency and the Ministry of University and Research IDEA-SW / Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF) Space It Up / Space Agency and the Ministry of University and Research PIR01 00010 and CIR01 00010 / Italian Ministry of University and Research; Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 01/08/2026
- Academic Unit
- Physics and Astronomy
- Record Identifier
- 9985224320402771
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