Journal article
Cross Cultural Adaptation of the TENDINopathy Severity Assessment - Achilles (TENDINS-A) for Spanish speaking populations
Musculoskeletal science & practice, Vol.85, 103625
07/24/2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103625
PMID: 42526178
Abstract
The TENDINopathy Severity assessment – Achilles (TENDINS-A) was developed as a patient-reported outcome measure of Achilles tendinopathy related disability but is limited to the English language. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the TENDINS-A to be used in Spanish speaking populations and assess its measurement properties.
The TENDINS-A was cross-culturally adapted using a multistep process then administered online to individuals with Achilles tendinopathy, non-Achilles tendinopathy foot pain, and pain-free controls. Test-retest reliability of the TENDINS-A Spanish was determined using inter-class coefficients (ICC). Internal consistency and structural validity were assessed using Rasch analysis. Discriminate validity was measured comparing the TENDINS-A Spanish scores between the three groups. Convergent validity was assessed using correlations between the TENDINS-A, heel raise pain, and Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A).
The TENDINS-A Spanish Total score demonstrated excellent test re-test reliability (ICC(95%CI): 0.932(0.897 to 0.955) and excellent internal consistency (person reliability=0.89). There was evidence of structural validity of the TENDINS-A Spanish for a 3-factor structure (First contrast from PCA of residuals has Eigenvalue <2). TENDINS-A Spanish Total scores were higher in individuals with Achilles tendinopathy compared to those with non-Achilles tendinopathy foot pain (Mean Dif (95%CI): 19.8%(6.5% to 33.0%) and pain-free controls (46.7%(32.8% to 60.6%). The TENDINS-A Spanish showed convergent validity (r (95%CI)) with moderate to strong correlations with heel raise pain (0.86(0.79 to 0.91), and VISA-A Spanish (-0.64(-0.49 to -0.74)
The TENDINS-A Spanish is a reliable and valid measure for Achilles tendinopathy related disability in Spanish speaking populations.
•TENDINS-A Spanish total score and each subscore show adequate reliability.•TENDINS-A Spanish has acceptable construct validity retaining a 3-factor structure.•TENDINS-A Spanish measures Achilles tendinopathy disability in Spanish speakers
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Cross Cultural Adaptation of the TENDINopathy Severity Assessment - Achilles (TENDINS-A) for Spanish speaking populations
- Creators
- Timothy R. Fleagle - University of IowaElizabeth G. Castillo - University of IowaZahra Amerian - University of IowaIgor Sancho - Universidad de DeustoAlberto Marcos Heredia Rizo - Instituto de Biomedicina de SevillaNicolas Maragano-Campisto - Instituto Profesional ProvidenciaGuillermo Ceniza-Bordallo - Massachusetts General HospitalDiego Ruffino - Universidad Nacional de CórdobaJessica F. Danielson - University of IowaShane C. Scott - Edith Cowan UniversityEbonie K. Rio - La Trobe UniversityMyles C. Murphy - Edith Cowan UniversityRuth L. Chimenti - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Musculoskeletal science & practice, Vol.85, 103625
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.msksp.2026.103625
- PMID
- 42526178
- ISSN
- 2468-7812
- eISSN
- 2468-7812
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Grant note
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS): T32 NS045549 National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS): R25TR004393 University of Iowa: NIH-UM1TR004403 Foundation for Physical Therapy Research
Research reported in this paper was supported by Grant Number T32 NS045549 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and R25TR004393 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS). Study data was collected and managed using REDcap electronic data capture tools hosted at University of Iowa (NIH-UM1TR004403). Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of NINDS, NCATS and the National Institute of Health (NIH). This work was supported in full or part by a Promotion of Doctoral Studies Scholarship from the Foundation for Physical Therapy Research.
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/24/2026
- Academic Unit
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science
- Record Identifier
- 9985215013902771
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