Journal article
Defect in diamond with millisecond-scale spin relaxation time at room temperature
Physical review. B, Vol.114(7), 074105
08/01/2026
DOI: 10.1103/3dcd-mkcq
Abstract
Spin defects in diamond are promising platforms for quantum sensing. The longest electron spin relaxation times (T1) at room temperature for solid-state defects are observed in nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond, which can reach 6.67 ms [1], and substitutional nitrogen (“P1 centers”) in diamond, which exhibit a T1 of 2 ms [2]. No other solid-state defect has exhibited millisecond-scale spin relaxation times at room temperature thus far. Here, we characterize the spin properties of the WAR5 defect in diamond [3] with pulsed electron spin resonance. The observed T1 is one of the longest for solid-state spin defects: 0.97(27) ms at room temperature and 14.38(19) min at 4 K. The observed coherence time (T2) is 246(7) µs, which can be extended to 6.49(34) ms at 4 K with dynamical decoupling. Finally, we demonstrate optical spin polarization with a range of wavelengths from 405 nm to 500 nm and propose potential zero-phonon line candidates.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Defect in diamond with millisecond-scale spin relaxation time at room temperature
- Creators
- Sounak Mukherjee - Princeton UniversityAnran Li - Princeton UniversityJohannes Eberle - Princeton UniversitySean Karg - Princeton UniversityZi-Huai Zhang - Princeton UniversityMayer M. Feldman - Princeton UniversityYilin Chen - University of California, Santa BarbaraMark E. TurianskyMengen WangYogendra Limbu - University of IowaTharnier O. Puel - University of Iowa, Physics and AstronomyYueguang Shi - University of IowaMatthew L. Markham - Element Six (United KingdomRajesh L. Patel - Element Six (United Kingdom)Patryk Gumann - IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research CenterMichael E. Flatté - University of IowaChris G. Van de Walle - University of California, Santa BarbaraStephen A. Lyon - Princeton UniversityNathalie P. de Leon - Princeton University
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Physical review. B, Vol.114(7), 074105
- DOI
- 10.1103/3dcd-mkcq
- ISSN
- 2469-9950
- eISSN
- 2469-9969
- Publisher
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Grant note
We gratefully acknowledge Alex Abulnaga for helpful feedback on the experiments, Gordian Fuchs for valuable suggestions on cryogenics and electronics, and Arunava Das and Alexander Hilty for help with testing the experimental setup. The experimental (S.M., A.L., J.E., S.K., Z.-H.Z., and N.P.d.L) and theoretical (Y.L., T.O.P., Y.S., and M.E.F) work was primarily supported by the Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction (CMQT), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-SC0021314. ESR measurements (S.M., A.L., J.E., S.K., Z.-H.Z., and N.P.d.L) and computational studies (Y.C., M.E.T, M.W., and C.G.VdW.) were also supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage (C2QA) under Contract No. DE-SC0012704. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, using NERSC Award No. BES-ERCAP0033525.
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 06/15/2026
- Date published
- 08/01/2026
- Academic Unit
- Electrical and Computer Engineering; Physics and Astronomy
- Record Identifier
- 9985217826402771
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