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Deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom1 and iRhom2 promote shedding of the TNF receptor by the protease ADAM17
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Deletions in the cytoplasmic domain of iRhom1 and iRhom2 promote shedding of the TNF receptor by the protease ADAM17

Sathish K Maney, David R McIlwain, Robin Polz, Aleksandra A Pandyra, Balamurugan Sundaram, Dorit Wolff, Kazuhito Ohishi, Thorsten Maretzky, Matthew A Brooke, Astrid Evers, …
Science signaling, Vol.8(401), pp.ra109-ra109
11/03/2015
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aac5356
PMCID: PMC7202466
PMID: 26535007
url
https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aac5356View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

The protease ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) catalyzes the shedding of various transmembrane proteins from the surface of cells, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors. Liberation of TNF receptors (TNFRs) from cell surfaces can dampen the cellular response to TNF, a cytokine that is critical in the innate immune response and promotes programmed cell death but can also promote sepsis. Catalytically inactive members of the rhomboid family of proteases, iRhom1 and iRhom2, mediate the intracellular transport and maturation of ADAM17. Using a genetic screen, we found that the presence of either iRhom1 or iRhom2 lacking part of their extended amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain (herein referred to as ΔN) increases ADAM17 activity, TNFR shedding, and resistance to TNF-induced cell death in fibrosarcoma cells. Inhibitors of ADAM17, but not of other ADAM family members, prevented the effects of iRhom-ΔN expression. iRhom1 and iRhom2 were functionally redundant, suggesting a conserved role for the iRhom amino termini. Cells from patients with a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome called tylosis with esophageal cancer (TOC) have amino-terminal mutations in iRhom2. Keratinocytes from TOC patients exhibited increased TNFR1 shedding compared with cells from healthy donors. Our results explain how loss of the amino terminus in iRhom1 and iRhom2 impairs TNF signaling, despite enhancing ADAM17 activity, and may explain how mutations in the amino-terminal region contribute to the cancer predisposition syndrome TOC.
ADAM17 Protein Protein Structure, Tertiary Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - metabolism Genetic Predisposition to Disease Keratoderma, Palmoplantar - genetics Humans Fibrosarcoma - metabolism Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism Esophageal Neoplasms - pathology ADAM Proteins - metabolism Fibrosarcoma - genetics Fibrosarcoma - pathology Esophageal Neoplasms - genetics Keratoderma, Palmoplantar - metabolism Keratoderma, Palmoplantar - pathology Esophageal Neoplasms - metabolism Cell Line, Tumor Mutation ADAM Proteins - genetics Neoplasm Proteins - genetics Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - genetics

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