Development of the KAP-ASD Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Ageism Among Dentists: Initial Psychometric Properties

Elis Ribeiro Mariucio Aranha; Leonardo Marchini; Daniele Fernanda Felipe; Lucas França Garcia

doi:10.1111/eje.70166

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Development of the KAP-ASD Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Ageism Among Dentists: Initial Psychometric Properties

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Development of the KAP-ASD Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Ageism Among Dentists: Initial Psychometric Properties

Elis Ribeiro Mariucio Aranha, Leonardo Marchini, Daniele Fernanda Felipe and Lucas França Garcia

European journal of dental education

04/29/2026

DOI: 10.1111/eje.70166

PMID: 42051086

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Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to ageism among dentists in Brazil, with a focus on the dental care of older adults. This is a quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The development and validation of the KAP-Ageism Scale for Dentists (KAP-ASD) instrument followed four stages: (1) the questionnaire was developed on the basis of a scoping literature review of the construct to be assessed; (2) content validity was evaluated by five experts who reviewed the initial draft for language clarity, practical relevance, and theoretical significance; (3) the questionnaire was administered to the target population, Brazilian dentists, to collect data; and (4) EFA results were used to refine the instrument, providing evidence of its validity and reliability for the final version. The instrument initially had 27 items, which were reduced to 25 after expert review. Following the EFA, the questionnaire was reduced to 13 items across 3 factors: Knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The final structure explained 57.9% of the total variance. Reliability indices, along with data adjustments, indicate that the final version of the questionnaire has good internal consistency. While the KAP-ASD requires further refinement due to several identified limitations, it was shown to be a valid and reliable tool suitable for use in geriatric dentistry research.

dental care for the aged

oral health

ageing

ageism

geriatric dentistry

Details

Title: Subtitle: Development of the KAP-ASD Questionnaire to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Ageism Among Dentists: Initial Psychometric Properties
Creators: Elis Ribeiro Mariucio Aranha - Centro Universitário Cesumar
Leonardo Marchini - University of Iowa
Daniele Fernanda Felipe - Centro Universitário Cesumar
Lucas França Garcia - Centro Universitário Cesumar
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: European journal of dental education
DOI: 10.1111/eje.70166
PMID: 42051086
NLM abbreviation: Eur J Dent Educ
ISSN: 1600-0579
eISSN: 1600-0579
Publisher: Wiley
Grant note: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior ICETI-Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 04/29/2026
Academic Unit: Preventive and Community Dentistry
Record Identifier: 9985160453102771

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