Journal article
Dietary Protein Sources, Mediating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative and the UK Biobank
Diabetes care, Vol.45(8), pp.1742-1753
08/01/2022
DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0368
PMCID: PMC9346982
PMID: 35713602
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Whether and how dietary protein intake is linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of protein intake with development of T2D and the potentialmediating roles of T2D biomarkers.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 108,681 postmenopausal women without T2D at baseline from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (primary cohort) and 34,616 adults without T2D from the U.K. Biobank (UKB) (replication cohort). Cox proportional hazard models were used for estimation of protein-T2D associations. Mediation analysis was performed to assess the mediating roles of biomarkers in case-control studies nested in theWHI.
RESULTS
In the WHI, 15,842 incident T2D cases were identified during a median follow-up of 15.8 years. Intake of animal protein was associated with increased T2D risk (hazard ratio in comparing the highest to the lowest quintile 5 1.31 [95% CI 1.24-1.37]) and plant protein with decreased risk (0.82 [0.78-0.86]). Intakes of red meat, processed meat, poultry, and eggs were associated with increased T2D risk and whole grains with decreased risk. Findings from the UKB were similar. These findings were materially attenuated after additional adjustment for BMI. Substituting 5% energy from plant protein for animal protein was associated with 21% decreased T2D risk (0.79 [0.74-0.84]), which was mediated by levels of hs-CRP, interleukin- 6, leptin, and SHBG.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings from these two large prospective cohorts support the notion that substituting plant protein for animal protein may decrease T2D risk mainly by reducing obesity-related inflammation.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Dietary Protein Sources, Mediating Biomarkers, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the Women's Health Initiative and the UK Biobank
- Creators
- Jie Li - Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesAndrea J. Glenn - University of TorontoQingling Yang - Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesDing Ding - Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesLingling Zheng - Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesWei Bao - University of Science and Technology of ChinaJeannette Beasley - NYU Langone HealthErin LeBlanc - Kaiser Permanente Center for Health ResearchKenneth Lo - Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Appl Biol & Chem Technol, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaJoAnn E. Manson - Brigham and Women's HospitalLawrence Philips - Emory UniversityLesley Tinker - Fred Hutch Cancer CenterSimin Liu - Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Diabetes care, Vol.45(8), pp.1742-1753
- Publisher
- Amer Diabetes Assoc
- DOI
- 10.2337/dc22-0368
- PMID
- 35713602
- PMCID
- PMC9346982
- ISSN
- 0149-5992
- eISSN
- 1935-5548
- Number of pages
- 12
- Grant note
- R01DK127916 / NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA 81673156; 82073528; 81302417 / National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Canadian Institute of Health Research, CIHR Fellowship; Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) 75N92021D00001; 75N92021D00002; 75N92021D00003; 75N92021D00004; 75N92021D00005 / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) R01DK125403; R01ES031391; R01ES029082 / National Institutes of Health (NIH); United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 08/01/2022
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology
- Record Identifier
- 9984364452302771
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