Journal article
Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness—IVY network, January 24, 2022–September 1, 2024
Vaccine, Vol.74, 128192
02/27/2026
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192
PMID: 41518970
Abstract
This analysis assessed differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and severe in-hospital outcomes between U.S. male and female adults hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza in a multi-center network during 2022–2024. Compared with men, women hospitalized with influenza were less likely to smoke (21.5 % vs 25.3 %, P = 0.02), to have COPD (21.9 % vs 22.7 %, P < 0.001), and to be admitted to an intensive care unit once hospitalized (17.3 % vs 20.7 %, P = 0.04). Influenza VE (95 % confidence interval [CI]) was significantly higher in women aged ≥50 years compared with men aged ≥50 years (48.5 % [39.2 %–56.4 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). VE was slightly lower in women aged 18–49 years compared with women ≥50 years (46.2 % [95 % CI: 24.2 %–61.8 % vs 61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %]) but significantly lower in men aged ≥50 years compared with men aged 18–49 years (61.3 % [41.0 %–74.6 %] vs 26.2 % [13.0 %–37.5 %]). Disaggregation of sex should be considered in future influenza VE studies.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Differences in influenza vaccine effectiveness by sex among adults hospitalized with acute respiratory illness—IVY network, January 24, 2022–September 1, 2024
- Creators
- Elizabeth J. Harker - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionNathaniel M. Lewis - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCassandra A. Johnson - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterYuwei Zhu - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterWesley H. Self - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNatasha Halasa - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJames D. Chappell - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterCarlos G. Grijalva - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterBasmah Safdar - Yale UniversityManju Gaglani - Baylor Scott & White Medical Center - TempleCristie Columbus - Baylor UniversityJay Steingrub - Baystate Medical CenterNathan Shapiro - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterAbhijit Duggal - Cleveland ClinicLawrence Busse - Emory UniversityLaurynn Giles - University of Minnesota Medical CenterIthan Peltan - Intermountain Medical CenterDavid Hager - Johns Hopkins UniversityAmira Mohamed - Albert Einstein College of MedicineMatthew Exline - The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterAkram Khan - Oregon Health & Science UniversityGrace Kyin-Ye Tam - Stanford UniversityNida Qadir - Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterJarrod Mosier - University of ArizonaAdit Ginde - University of Colorado DenverNicholas Mohr - University of IowaChristopher Mallow - University of MiamiAleda Leis - Michigan MedicineAdam Lauring - Michigan MedicineEstelle Harris - University of UtahNicholas Johnson - University of WashingtonKevin Gibbs - Wake Forest UniversityJennie Kwon - Washington University in St. LouisDiya Surie - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionFatimah S. Dawood - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionSascha Ellington - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Vaccine, Vol.74, 128192
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128192
- PMID
- 41518970
- NLM abbreviation
- Vaccine
- ISSN
- 0264-410X
- eISSN
- 1873-2518
- Publisher
- Elsevier Ltd
- Grant note
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases: 75D30122C12914, 75D30122C14944
This work was supported by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (contract numbers 75D30122C12914 and 75D30122C14944) to W. H. S.
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 02/27/2026
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Emergency Medicine; Anesthesia; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9985116069802771
Metrics
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