Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study

Natalie A Glass; James C Torner; Elena M Letuchy; Trudy L Burns; Kathleen F Janz; Julie M Eichenberger Gilmore; Janet A Schlechte; Steven M Levy

doi:10.1002/jbmr.3325

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Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study

Journal article

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Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study

Natalie A Glass, James C Torner, Elena M Letuchy, Trudy L Burns, Kathleen F Janz, Julie M Eichenberger Gilmore, Janet A Schlechte and Steven M Levy

Journal of bone and mineral research, Vol.33(4), pp.580-588

04/2018

DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3325

PMCID: PMC5959294

PMID: 29083059

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Abstract

This study evaluated the longitudinal relationships among visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and peripheral bone strength during adolescence. Fat and lean mass, VAT and SAT area, and android/gynoid (A/G) ratio were estimated with DXA. Our main outcome was strength-strain index (SSI), an indicator of peripheral bone strength estimated by pQCT at the radius and tibia. Sex-specific analyses evaluated the longitudinal bone-fat relationship from ages 11 to 19 years with linear mixed models using biological age as the time variable and adjusted for limb length and lean mass in 182 girls and 167 boys. Variables were standardized (mean = 0, SD = 1) prior to model fitting and results shown are parameter estimates ± SE. Fat mass and SAT were positively associated with SSI (radius: 0.07 ± 0.02, p = 0.003 and 0.05 ± 0.02, 0.041, respectively; tibia: 0.09 ± 0.02, p < 0.001 and 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.001, respectively) prior to, but not following adjustment for lean mass in girls. In contrast, fat mass and SAT were negatively associated with radial SSI, both before and after adjustment for lean mass in boys (fat mass: -0.05 ± 0.01, p = 0.001; SAT: -0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.004). In full models, negative associations were limited to VAT in girls and included radial (-0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.001) and tibial SSI (-0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.033). For boys, there were no significant associations present between VAT and SSI at the radius or tibia. In analyses limited to obese participants, an A/G ratio was not significantly associated with SSI in girls, but was negatively associated with radial SSI regardless of adjustment for lean mass in boys (-0.06 ± 0.02, p = 0.018). These results that show a negative relationship between peripheral bone strength and VAT in girls, but greater total and central adiposity in boys, suggest these factors play a role in adequate acquisition of bone strength during adolescence. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Humans

Tibia - diagnostic imaging

Subcutaneous Fat - diagnostic imaging

Male

Intra-Abdominal Fat - metabolism

Absorptiometry, Photon

Cortical Bone - metabolism

Obesity - metabolism

Intra-Abdominal Fat - diagnostic imaging

Subcutaneous Fat - metabolism

Adiposity

Adolescent

Adult

Female

Tibia - metabolism

Cortical Bone - diagnostic imaging

Radius - metabolism

Child

Obesity - diagnostic imaging

Radius - diagnostic imaging

Details

Title: Subtitle: Does Visceral or Subcutaneous Fat Influence Peripheral Cortical Bone Strength During Adolescence? A Longitudinal Study
Creators: Natalie A Glass - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
James C Torner - Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Elena M Letuchy - Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Trudy L Burns - Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Kathleen F Janz - Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Julie M Eichenberger Gilmore - Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
Janet A Schlechte - Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
Steven M Levy - Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry & Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Journal of bone and mineral research, Vol.33(4), pp.580-588
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3325
PMID: 29083059
PMCID: PMC5959294
NLM abbreviation: J Bone Miner Res
ISSN: 1523-4681
eISSN: 1523-4681
Publisher: United States
Grant note: R01 DE012101 / NIDCR NIH HHS UL1 TR000442 / NCATS NIH HHS M01 RR000059 / NCRR NIH HHS R56 DE012101 / NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE009551 / NIDCR NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 04/2018
Academic Unit: Preventive and Community Dentistry; Epidemiology; Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; Surgery; Injury Prevention Research Center; Neurosurgery; Health, Sport, and Human Physiology ; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9983917669002771

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