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EGFR inhibition induces proinflammatory cytokines via NOX4 in HNSCC
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

EGFR inhibition induces proinflammatory cytokines via NOX4 in HNSCC

Elise V M Fletcher, Laurie Love-Homan, Arya Sobhakumari, Charlotte R Feddersen, Adam T Koch, Apollina Goel and Andrean L Simons
Molecular cancer research, Vol.11(12), pp.1574-1584
12/2013
DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0187
PMCID: PMC3869882
PMID: 24048704
url
https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0187View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Chronic inflammation plays a fundamental role in tumor promotion, migration, and invasion. With the use of microarray profiling, a profound increase was observed for those transcripts involved in proinflammatory signaling in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells as compared with their respective controls. As such, it was hypothesized that EGFR inhibitor efficacy is offset by the proinflammatory response that these therapeutics conjure in HNSCC. Systematic evaluation of the clinical EGFR inhibitors-erlotinib, cetuximab, lapatinib, and panitumumab-revealed increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Mechanistic focus on IL-6 revealed that erlotinib induced a time-dependent increase in IL-6 mRNA and protein expression. Importantly, exogenous IL-6 protected HNSCC cells from erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity, whereas tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, sensitized cells to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of NF-κB, p38, and JNK suppressed erlotinib-induced IL-6 expression, suggesting critical roles for NF-κB and MAPK in IL-6 regulation. Furthermore, knockdown of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) suppressed erlotinib-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that clinical EGFR inhibitors induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via NOX4. The antitumor activity of EGFR inhibitors is reduced by activation of NOX4-mediated proinflammatory pathways in HNSCC.
Erlotinib Hydrochloride Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - genetics Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - metabolism Humans Panitumumab Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic NADPH Oxidases - metabolism Gene Expression Profiling Head and Neck Neoplasms - metabolism Gene Knockdown Techniques Inflammation - metabolism Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck Time Factors Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized - pharmacology NADPH Oxidases - genetics Lapatinib Cetuximab Cytokines - genetics ErbB Receptors - antagonists & inhibitors ErbB Receptors - metabolism Cytokines - metabolism Antibodies, Monoclonal - pharmacology Head and Neck Neoplasms - drug therapy NADPH Oxidase 4 Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - drug therapy Cell Line, Tumor Inflammation - genetics Head and Neck Neoplasms - genetics Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology Quinazolines - pharmacology

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