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Early Literacy Predictors and Second-Grade Outcomes in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Early Literacy Predictors and Second-Grade Outcomes in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

J Bruce Tomblin, Jake Oleson, Sophie E Ambrose, Elizabeth A Walker and Mary P Moeller
Child development, Vol.91(1), pp.e179-e197
01/2020
DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13158
PMCID: PMC6456443
PMID: 30298910
url
https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13158View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This study contrasted the early literacy outcomes of children who are hard of hearing (CHH) with children with normal hearing (CNH). At age 5, prereading skills of oral language, phonological processing, and print knowledge were examined in CHH (N = 180) and CNH (N = 80). The CHH had poorer oral language and phonological processing abilities than the CNH but comparable knowledge of print. At age 8, measures of word reading, and reading comprehension yielded no differences between CHH (N = 108) and CNH (N = 62) except for reading comprehension for the moderately severe CHH. Reading achievement in CHH was found to exceed predictions based on prereading performance. This resilience was associated with gains in oral language during the early school years.

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