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Early adverse experience and substance addiction: dopamine, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid pathways
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Early adverse experience and substance addiction: dopamine, oxytocin, and glucocorticoid pathways

Sohye Kim, Stephanie Kwok, Linda C Mayes, Marc N Potenza, Helena J V Rutherford and Lane Strathearn
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol.1394(1), pp.74-91
04/2017
DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13140
PMCID: PMC5303188
PMID: 27508337
url
http://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13140View
Open Access

Abstract

Substance addiction may follow a chronic, relapsing course and critically undermine the physical and psychological well-being of the affected individual and the social units of which the individual is a member. Despite the public health burden associated with substance addiction, treatment options remain suboptimal, with relapses often seen. The present review synthesizes growing insights from animal and human research to shed light upon developmental and neurobiological pathways that may increase susceptibility to addiction. We examine the dopamine system, the oxytocin system, and the glucocorticoid system, as they are particularly relevant to substance addiction. Our aim is to delineate how early adverse experience may induce long-lasting alterations in each of these systems at molecular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral levels and ultimately lead to heightened vulnerability to substance addiction. We further discuss how substance addiction in adulthood may increase the risk of suboptimal caregiving for the next generation, perpetuating the intergenerational cycle of early adverse experiences and addiction.
Signal Transduction Substance-Related Disorders - metabolism Animals Glucocorticoids - metabolism Humans Substance-Related Disorders - psychology Oxytocin - metabolism Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology Dopamine - metabolism

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