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Effect of Phenobarbitone on Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy during Hypothermia
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Effect of Phenobarbitone on Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy during Hypothermia

Poorva Deshpande, Amish Jain and Patrick J. McNamara
Neonatology (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.117(6), pp.721-728
02/01/2021
DOI: 10.1159/000511540
PMID: 33412550
url
https://doi.org/10.1159/000511540View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Background: Phenobarbitone induces suppression of cerebral electrical activity on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE); however, its effect during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has not been well characterized. Objective: To evaluate the effect of phenobarbitone on aEEG in neonates with HIE undergoing TH. Methods: Thirty-five neonates born at >= 35(0) weeks gestational age (GA), who received phenobarbitone as first-line antiepileptic drug during TH for >= Sarnat stage II HIE with aEEG recordings were retrospectively studied. Background pattern, upper and lower margin voltages were characterized for a 30-min period before and 30-60 min after phenobarbitone administration. Primary outcome was presence of severely abnormal aEEG pattern after phenobarbitone administration. Results: Mean (+/- SD) GA and median birth weight were 38.2 +/- 1.9 weeks and 3.1 (2.5-3.9) kg, respectively. Phenobarbitone (10-20 mg/kg), administered at median age 16.8 h, was associated with background pattern worsening in 19/29 (65.5%) cases. Severe background patterns were more prevalent in post- versus pre-phenobarbitone tracings (21/29 [72%] vs. 11/29 [38%]; p = 0.01). Presence of severe pattern versus either continuous normal voltage or discontinuous normal voltage pattern post-phenobarbitone, (20/25 [80%] vs. 3/8 [38%]; p = 0.036) was associated with death or moderate-to-severe injury on MRI brain. Median time to trace recovery, when measurable, was 4 h (45 min-72 h). Conclusions: Phenobarbitone induces significant suppression on aEEG in infants with HIE undergoing TH. Development of severe aEEG background patterns after phenobarbitone may unmask a population at greater risk of abnormal outcome. (c) 2021 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
Life Sciences & Biomedicine Pediatrics Science & Technology

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