Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Stephanie R Peterson; Soham Ali; Rachel L Shrode; Ashutosh K Mangalam

doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2300008

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Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis

Stephanie R Peterson, Soham Ali, Rachel L Shrode and Ashutosh K Mangalam

ImmunoHorizons, Vol.7(3), pp.213-227

03/01/2023

DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300008

PMCID: PMC10240966

PMID: 36939622

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https://doi.org/10.4049/immunohorizons.2300008View

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the CNS that is linked with both genetic and environmental factors. A Western-style diet rich in fat and simple sugars is hypothesized as a potential factor contributing to the increased incidence of inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as MS, in developed countries. Although the adverse effects of a high-fat diet in MS have been studied extensively, the effect of a fructose-rich diet (FRD) on MS etiology is unknown. We hypothesized that an FRD will alter the gut microbiome, influence immune populations, and negatively impact disease in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. To test this, we fed C57BL/6 mice either an FRD or normal feed for 4 or 12 wk and analyzed the effect of an FRD on gut microbiota, immune populations, and EAE. An FRD significantly influenced the gut microbiota, with reduced abundance of beneficial bacteria and enrichment of potentially proinflammatory bacteria. We also observed immune modulation in the gut and periphery. Of particular interest was a population of Helios-RORγt+Foxp3+CD4+ T cells that was enriched in the small intestine lamina propria of FRD-fed mice. However, despite gut microbiota and immune modulations, we observed only a subtle effect of an FRD on EAE severity. Overall, our data suggest that in C57Bl6/J mice, an FRD modulates the gut microbiota and immune system without significantly impacting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55/CFA-induced EAE.

Multiple Sclerosis

Animals

Diet - adverse effects

Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental

Gastrointestinal Microbiome

Immunomodulation

Mice

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Details

Title: Subtitle: Effect of a Fructose-Rich Diet on Gut Microbiota and Immunomodulation: Potential Factors for Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: Stephanie R Peterson - Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Soham Ali - University of Iowa
Rachel L Shrode - University of Iowa
Ashutosh K Mangalam - Iowa City VA Health System, Iowa City, IA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: ImmunoHorizons, Vol.7(3), pp.213-227
DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300008
PMID: 36939622
PMCID: PMC10240966
NLM abbreviation: Immunohorizons
ISSN: 2573-7732
eISSN: 2573-7732
Language: English
Date published: 03/01/2023
Academic Unit: Pathology; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
Record Identifier: 9984380463502771

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