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Effect of periodontal phenotype characteristics on post-extraction dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge: A prospective case series
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Effect of periodontal phenotype characteristics on post-extraction dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge: A prospective case series

Emilio Couso-Queiruga, Zachary A Graham, Tabitha Peter, Oscar Gonzalez-Martin, Pablo Galindo-Moreno and Gustavo Avila-Ortiz
Journal of clinical periodontology, Vol.50(5), pp.694-706
05/2023
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13781
PMID: 36644815
Appears in  UI Libraries Support Open Access
url
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13781View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This study was primarily aimed at assessing the effect that specific periodontal phenotypical characteristics have on alveolar ridge remodelling after tooth extraction. Patients in need of extraction of a non-molar maxillary tooth were enrolled. Baseline phenotypical characteristics (i.e., mid-facial and mid-palatal soft tissue and bone thickness, and supracrestal soft tissue height [STH]) were recorded upon extraction. A set of clinical, digital imaging (linear and volumetric), and patient-reported outcomes were assessed over a 14-week healing period. A total of 78 subjects were screened. Forty-two subjects completed the study. Linear and volumetric bone changes, as well as vertical linear soft tissue and alveolar ridge volume (soft tissue contour) variations, were indicative of a marked dimensional reduction of the alveolar ridge over time. Horizontal facial and palatal soft tissue thickness gain was observed. Thin facial bone (≤1 mm) upon extraction, compared with thick facial bone (>1 mm), was associated with greater linear horizontal (-4.57 ± 2.31 mm vs. -2.17 ± 1.65 mm, p = .003) and vertical mid-facial (-0.95 ± 0.67 mm vs. -4.08 ± 3.52 mm, p < 0.001) and mid-palatal (-2.03 ± 2.08 mm vs. -1.12 ± 0.99 mm, p = 0.027) bone loss, as well as greater total (-34% ± 10% vs. 15% ± 6%, p < 0.001), facial (-51% ± 19% vs. 28% ± 18%, p = 0.040), and palatal bone volume reduction (-26% ± 14% vs. -8% ± 10%, p < 0.001). Aside from alveolar bone thickness, STH was also found to be a predictor of alveolar ridge resorption since this variable was directly correlated with bone volume reduction. Patient-reported discomfort scores progressively decreased over time, and the mean satisfaction upon study completion was 94.5 ± 0.83 out of 100. Alveolar ridge remodelling is a physiological phenomenon that occurs after tooth extraction. Post-extraction alveolar ridge atrophy is more marked on the facio-coronal aspect. These dimensional changes are more pronounced in sites exhibiting a thin facial bone phenotype (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02668289).
 Phenotype Alveolar Bone Loss - diagnostic imaging Alveolar Bone Loss - etiology Alveolar Process - diagnostic imaging Alveolar Process - surgery Alveolar Ridge Augmentation - methods Dental Care Humans Tooth Extraction Tooth Socket - surgery UIOWA OA Agreement

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