Journal article
Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID‐19 Vaccines Against COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalization and Severe In‐Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022–August 2023
Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Vol.18(11), e70027
11/01/2024
DOI: 10.1111/irv.70027
PMCID: PMC11534416
PMID: 39496339
Abstract
Background
Assessments of COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness are needed to monitor the protection provided by updated vaccines against severe COVID‐19. We evaluated the effectiveness of original monovalent and bivalent (ancestral strain and Omicron BA.4/5) COVID‐19 vaccination against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization and severe in‐hospital outcomes.
Methods
During September 8, 2022 to August 31, 2023, adults aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized with COVID‐19‐like illness were enrolled at 26 hospitals in 20 US states. Using a test‐negative case–control design, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, admission date, and geographic region.
Results
Among 7028 patients, 2924 (41.6%) were COVID‐19 case patients, and 4104 (58.4%) were control patients. Compared to unvaccinated patients, absolute VE against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization was 6% (−7%–17%) for original monovalent doses only (median time since last dose [IQR] = 421 days [304–571]), 52% (39%–61%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 13% (−10%–31%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier. Absolute VE against COVID‐19‐associated invasive mechanical ventilation or death was 51% (34%–63%) for original monovalent doses only, 61% (35%–77%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 50% (11%–71%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier.
Conclusion
Bivalent vaccination provided protection against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization and severe in‐hospital outcomes within 3 months of receipt, followed by a decline in protection to a level similar to that remaining from previous original monovalent vaccination by 3–6 months. These results underscore the benefit of remaining up to date with recommended COVID‐19 vaccines.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID‐19 Vaccines Against COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalization and Severe In‐Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022–August 2023
- Creators
- Jennifer DeCuir - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesDiya Surie - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionYuwei Zhu - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAdam S. Lauring - University of MichiganManjusha Gaglani - Baylor College of MedicineTresa McNeal - Baylor Scott & White HealthShekhar Ghamande - Baylor College of MedicineIthan D. Peltan - University of UtahSamuel M. Brown - University of UtahAdit A. Ginde - University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAimee Steinwand - University of Colorado DenverNicholas M. Mohr - Departments of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesia Critical Care, and Epidemiology University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USAKevin W. Gibbs - Wake Forest UniversityDavid N. Hager - Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineHarith Ali - Johns Hopkins MedicineAnne Frosch - Hennepin Healthcare Research InstituteMichelle N. Gong - Albert Einstein College of MedicineAmira Mohamed - Albert Einstein College of MedicineNicholas J. Johnson - University of WashingtonVasisht Srinivasan - University of WashingtonJay S. Steingrub - Baystate Medical CenterAkram Khan - Oregon Health & Science UniversityLaurence W. Busse - Emory UniversityAbhijit Duggal - Cleveland ClinicJennifer G. Wilson - Stanford University School of MedicineNida Qadir - University of California, Los AngelesSteven Y. Chang - University of California, Los AngelesChristopher Mallow - University of MiamiJennie H. Kwon - Washington University in St. LouisMatthew C. Exline - The Ohio State UniversityNathan I. Shapiro - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterCristie Columbus - Baylor Scott & White HealthIvana A. Vaughn - Henry Ford Health SystemMayur Ramesh - Henry Ford Health SystemBasmah Safdar - Yale UniversityJarrod M. Mosier - University of ArizonaJonathan D. Casey - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterH. Keipp Talbot - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterTodd W. Rice - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNatasha Halasa - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJames D. Chappell - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterCarlos G. Grijalva - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAdrienne Baughman - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterKelsey N. Womack - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJillian P. Rhoads - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterSydney A. Swan - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterCassandra Johnson - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNathaniel Lewis - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionSascha Ellington - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionFatimah S. Dawood - National Center for Immunization and Respiratory DiseasesMeredith McMorrow - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWesley H. Self - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterInvestigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Vol.18(11), e70027
- DOI
- 10.1111/irv.70027
- PMID
- 39496339
- PMCID
- PMC11534416
- NLM abbreviation
- Influenza Other Respir Viruses
- ISSN
- 1750-2640
- eISSN
- 1750-2659
- Publisher
- WILEY
- Grant note
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 75D30122C14944
Primary funding for this work was provided by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (contract 75D30122C14944 to Dr. Self). Scientists from the funding source, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, participated in all aspects of this study, including its design, analysis, interpretation of data, writing the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication.
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 11/01/2024
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Emergency Medicine; Anesthesia; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984745458802771
Metrics
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