Journal article
Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States
Clinical infectious diseases, Vol.74(9), pp.1515-1524
05/03/2022
DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab687
PMCID: PMC8436392
PMID: 34358310
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination coverage increases in the United States, there is a need to understand the real-world effectiveness against severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and among people at increased risk for poor outcomes.
In a multicenter case-control analysis of US adults hospitalized March 11-May 5, 2021, we evaluated vaccine effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 hospitalizations by comparing odds of prior vaccination with a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) between cases hospitalized with COVID-19 and hospital-based controls who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2.
Among 1212 participants, including 593 cases and 619 controls, median age was 58 years, 22.8% were Black, 13.9% were Hispanic, and 21.0% had immunosuppression. SARS-CoV-2 lineage B0.1.1.7 (Alpha) was the most common variant (67.9% of viruses with lineage determined). Full vaccination (receipt of 2 vaccine doses ≥14 days before illness onset) had been received by 8.2% of cases and 36.4% of controls. Overall vaccine effectiveness was 87.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7-91.3). Vaccine effectiveness was similar for Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, and highest in adults aged 18-49 years (97.4%; 95% CI, 79.3-9.7). Among 45 patients with vaccine-breakthrough COVID hospitalizations, 44 (97.8%) were ≥50 years old and 20 (44.4%) had immunosuppression. Vaccine effectiveness was lower among patients with immunosuppression (62.9%; 95% CI,20.8-82.6) than without immunosuppression (91.3%; 95% CI, 85.6-94.8).
During March-May 2021, SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were highly effective for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations among US adults. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but effectiveness was lower in the immunosuppressed population.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States
- Creators
- Mark W Tenforde - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionManish M Patel - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAdit A Ginde - University of Colorado DenverDavid J Douin - University of Colorado DenverH Keipp Talbot - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJonathan D Casey - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNicholas M Mohr - University of IowaAnne Zepeski - University of IowaManjusha Gaglani - Texas A&M UniversityTresa McNeal - Texas A&M UniversityShekhar Ghamande - Texas A&M UniversityNathan I Shapiro - Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterKevin W Gibbs - Wake Forest UniversityD Clark Files - Wake Forest UniversityDavid N Hager - Johns Hopkins MedicineArber Shehu - Johns Hopkins MedicineMatthew E Prekker - Hennepin County Medical CenterHeidi L Erickson - Hennepin County Medical CenterMatthew C Exline - The Ohio State UniversityMichelle N Gong - Albert Einstein College of MedicineAmira Mohamed - Montefiore Medical CenterDaniel J Henning - University of WashingtonJay S Steingrub - Baystate Medical CenterIthan D Peltan - Baystate Medical CenterSamuel M Brown - Intermountain Medical CenterEmily T Martin - University of MichiganArnold S Monto - University of MichiganAkram Khan - Oregon Health & Science UniversityCatherine L Hough - Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USALaurence W Busse - Emory UniversityCaitlin C Ten Lohuis - Emory HealthcareAbhijit Duggal - Cleveland ClinicJennifer G Wilson - Stanford UniversityAlexandra June Gordon - Stanford UniversityNida Qadir - University of California, Los AngelesSteven Y Chang - University of California, Los AngelesChristopher Mallow - University of MiamiHayley B Gershengorn - University of MiamiHilary M Babcock - Washington University in St. LouisJennie H Kwon - Washington University in St. LouisNatasha Halasa - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterJames D Chappell - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAdam S Lauring - University of MichiganCarlos G Grijalva - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterTodd W Rice - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterIan D Jones - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterWilliam B Stubblefield - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterAdrienne Baughman - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterKelsey N Womack - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterChristopher J Lindsell - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterKimberly W Hart - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterYuwei Zhu - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterSamantha M Olson - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMeagan Stephenson - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionStephanie J Schrag - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMiwako Kobayashi - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionJennifer R Verani - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWesley H Self - Vanderbilt University Medical CenterInfluenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Clinical infectious diseases, Vol.74(9), pp.1515-1524
- DOI
- 10.1093/cid/ciab687
- PMID
- 34358310
- PMCID
- PMC8436392
- NLM abbreviation
- Clin Infect Dis
- ISSN
- 1058-4838
- eISSN
- 1537-6591
- Grant note
- UL1 TR002243 / NCATS NIH HHS K24 AI148459 / NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI137321 / NIAID NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 05/03/2022
- Academic Unit
- Epidemiology; Emergency Medicine; Anesthesia; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984296146002771
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