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Effects of Gamma Radiation on Single- and Multicomponent Organic Crystalline Materials
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Effects of Gamma Radiation on Single- and Multicomponent Organic Crystalline Materials

Samantha J. Kruse, Leonard R. MacGillivray and Tori Z. Forbes
Crystal growth & design, Vol.23(5), pp.3357-3366
2023
DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01504
PMCID: PMC10162448
PMID: 37159653
Appears in  UI Libraries Support Open Access
url
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01504View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Exploration of highly ionizing radiation damage to organic materials has mainly been limited to polymers and single component organic crystals due to their use in coatings and scintillation detection. Additional efforts are needed to create new tunable organic systems with stability in highly ionizing radiation to rationally design novel materials with controllable chemical and physical properties. Cocrystals are a promising class of compounds in this area because of the ability to rationally design bonding and molecular interactions that could lead to novel material properties. However, currently it is unclear if cocrystals exposed to radiation will maintain crystallinity, stability, and physical properties. Herein, we report the effects of gamma radiation on both single -component-and multicrystalline organic materials. After irradiation with 11 kGy dose both single-(trans-stilbene, trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (4,4 '-bpe), 1,n-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,n-C6I2F4), 1,n-dibromotetrafluorobenzene (1,n-C6Br2F4), 1,n-dihydroxybenzene (1,n- C6H6O2) (where n = 1, 2, or 3)), and multicomponent materials (4,4 '-bpe)center dot(1,n-C6I2F4), (4,4 '-bpe)center dot(1,n-C6Br2F4), and (4,4 '- bpe)center dot(1,n-C6H6O2) were analyzed and compared to their preirradiated forms. Radiation damage was evaluated via single-crystal and powder-X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and solid-state fluorimetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicated minimal changes in the lattice postirradiation, but additional crystallinity changes for bulk materials were observed via powder X-ray diffraction. Overall, cocrystalline forms with 4,4 '-bpe were more stable than the related single component systems and were related to the relative stability of the individual conformers to gamma radiation. Fluorescence signals were maintained for trans-stilbene and 4,4 '-bpe, but quenching of the signal was observed for the cocrystalline forms to varying degrees. Three of the single components, 1,2-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,2-C6I2F4), 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-C6I2F4), and 1,4dibromotetrafluorobenzene (1,4-C6Br2F4), also underwent sublimation within an hour of exposure to air postirradiation. Further analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy attributed this phenomenon to removal of impurities adsorbed to the crystal surface during irradiation.
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