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Effects of Immunomodulatory and Organism-Associated Molecules on the Permeability of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Effects of Immunomodulatory and Organism-Associated Molecules on the Permeability of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model to Amphotericin B and Fluconazole

Vasilios Pyrgos, Diane Mickiene, Tin Sein, Margaret Cotton, Andrea Fransesconi, Isaac Mizrahi, Martha Donoghue, Nikkida Bundrant, Su-Young Kim, Matthew Hardwick, …
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Vol.54(3), pp.1305-1310
03/01/2010
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01263-09
PMCID: PMC2825964
PMID: 19995929
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2825964View
Open Access

Abstract

Amphotericin B (AMB) is used to treat fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS). However, AMB shows poor penetration into the CNS and little is known about the factors affecting its permeation through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, we studied immunomodulatory and organism-associated molecules affecting the permeability of an in vitro BBB model to AMB. We examined the effects of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), zymosan (ZYM), dexamethasone (DEX), cyclosporine, and tacrolimus on transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER); endothelial tight junctions; filamentous actin; and permeability to deoxycholate AMB (DAMB), liposomal AMB (LAMB), and fluconazole. Proinflammatory cytokines and organism-associated molecules significantly decreased the mean TEER by 40.7 to 100% (P ≤ 0.004). DEX increased the mean TEER by 18.2 to 26.4% (P ≤ 0.04). TNF-α and LPS increased the permeability to AMB by 8.2 to 14.5% compared to that for the controls (1.1 to 2.4%) (P ≤ 0.04). None of the other molecules affected the model's permeability to AMB. By comparison, the BBB model's permeability to fluconazole was >78% under all conditions studied, without significant differences between the controls and the experimental groups. LPS and TNF-α decreased tight-junction protein zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) between endothelial cells. In conclusion, IL-1β, ZYM, and LTA increased the permeability of the BBB to small ions but not to AMB, whereas TNF-α and LPS, which disrupted the endothelial layer integrity, increased the permeability to AMB.
 Amphotericin B Antifungal Agents Blood-Brain Barrier Capillary Permeability Fluconazole Immunologic Factors Pharmacology

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