Journal article
Effects of Wind Speed on Size-Dependent Morphology and Composition of Sea Spray Aerosols
ACS earth and space chemistry, Vol.8(8), pp.1609-1622
07/16/2024
DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00119
Appears in UI Libraries Support Open Access
Abstract
Variable wind speeds over the ocean can have a significant impact on the formation mechanism and physical-chemical properties of sea spray aerosols (SSA), which in turn influence their climate-relevant impacts. Herein, for the first time, we investigate the effects of wind speed on size-dependent morphology and composition of individual nascent SSA generated from wind-wave interactions of natural seawater within a wind-wave channel as a function of size and their particle-to-particle variability. Filter-based thermal optical analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), AFM infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed in this regard. This study focuses on SSA with sizes within 0.04–1.8 μm generated at two wind speeds: 10 m/s, representing a wind lull scenario over the ocean, and 19 m/s, indicative of the wind speeds encountered in stormy conditions. Filter-based measurements revealed a reduction of the organic mass fraction as the wind speed increases. AFM imaging at 20% relative humidity of individual SSA identified six main morphologies: prism-like, rounded, core–shell, rod, rod inclusion core–shell, and aggregates. At 10 m/s, most SSA were rounded, while at 19 m/s, core–shells became predominant. Based on AFM-IR, rounded SSA at both wind speeds had similar composition, mainly composed of aliphatic and oxygenated species, whereas the shells of core–shells displayed more oxygenated organics at 19 m/s and more aliphatic organics at 10 m/s. Collectively, our observations can be attributed to the disruption of the sea surface microlayer film structure at higher wind speeds. The findings reveal a significant impact of wind speed on morphology and composition of SSA, which should be accounted for accurate assessment of their climate effects.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Effects of Wind Speed on Size-Dependent Morphology and Composition of Sea Spray Aerosols
- Creators
- Chamika K. Madawala - University of IowaCarolina Molina - University of California, San DiegoDeborah Kim - University of California, San DiegoDilini Kirindigoda Gamage - University of IowaMengnan Sun - Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United StatesRaymond J Leibensperger III - Scripps Institution of OceanographyLincoln Mehndiratta - University of California, San DiegoJennie Lee - University of California, San DiegoChathuri P. Kaluarachchi - University of IowaKe’La A. Kimble - University of California, San DiegoGreg Sandstrom - Scripps Institution of OceanographyCharbel Harb - Scripps Institution of OceanographyJulie Dinasquet - Scripps Institution of OceanographyFrancesca Malfatti - Scripps Institution of OceanographyKimberly A. Prather - Scripps Institution of OceanographyGrant B. Deane - Scripps Institution of OceanographyM. Dale Stokes - Scripps Institution of OceanographyChristopher Lee - Scripps Institution of OceanographyJonathan H. Slade - University of California, San DiegoElizabeth A. Stone - University of IowaVicki H. Grassian - University of California, San DiegoAlexei V. Tivanski - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- ACS earth and space chemistry, Vol.8(8), pp.1609-1622
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society
- DOI
- 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00119
- ISSN
- 2472-3452
- eISSN
- 2472-3452
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 07/16/2024
- Academic Unit
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Chemistry
- Record Identifier
- 9984658259902771
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