Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Reducing First Trimester Miscarriages in Women With a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maren Bettermann; Allison Carlisle; Karen Summers; Christopher Childs; Patrick Ten Eyck; Abey Eapen

doi:10.1111/aji.70189

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Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Reducing First Trimester Miscarriages in Women With a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Reducing First Trimester Miscarriages in Women With a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maren Bettermann, Allison Carlisle, Karen Summers, Christopher Childs, Patrick Ten Eyck and Abey Eapen

American journal of reproductive immunology (1989), Vol.94(6), e70189

12/2025

DOI: 10.1111/aji.70189

PMID: 41316709

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Abstract

Several studies have evaluated a wide range of immunomodulatory therapies for treatment of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a new addition. We aimed to perform a cumulative meta-analysis to update and reevaluate the efficacy of the use of G-CSF to reduce the risk of first trimester miscarriages in women with a history of RPL. We searched electronic databases until September 26, 2024. We screened 309 citations and included six randomized control trials (RCTs) and four observational cohort studies. A total of 800 women were included in the analysis for the primary outcome; 426 (53%) women had treatment with G-CSF and 374 (47%) women had placebo or no treatment. Women who were administered GCSF in early pregnancy had a statistically significant reduction in miscarriage compared to those who had placebo or no treatment, odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.4 [0.3; 0.7]. A subsequent significant increase in live birth was also found in women who had GCSF, odds ratio [95% CI] = 2.3 [1.4; 3.6]. Among women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss, administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor resulted in statistically significant reduction in first trimester miscarriage and subsequent improvement in live birth.

Pregnancy

Abortion, Habitual - drug therapy

Abortion, Habitual - prevention & control

Female

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor - therapeutic use

Humans

Pregnancy Trimester, First

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Details

Title: Subtitle: Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Reducing First Trimester Miscarriages in Women With a History of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: Maren Bettermann - University of Iowa
Allison Carlisle - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Karen Summers - University of Iowa
Christopher Childs - Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Patrick Ten Eyck - University of Iowa, Biostatistics
Abey Eapen - University of Iowa
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: American journal of reproductive immunology (1989), Vol.94(6), e70189
DOI: 10.1111/aji.70189
PMID: 41316709
NLM abbreviation: Am J Reprod Immunol
ISSN: 1600-0897
eISSN: 1600-0897
Publisher: Wiley
Grant note: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health: UM1TR004403
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UM1TR004403. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Language: English
Date published: 12/2025
Academic Unit: Biostatistics; Obstetrics and Gynecology; Hardin Library; Design Biostat and Ethics
Record Identifier: 9985034938002771

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