Journal article
Electromagnetic power of lightning superbolts from Earth to space
Nature communications, Vol.12(1), pp.3553-3553
06/11/2021
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23740-6
PMCID: PMC8196214
PMID: 34117233
Abstract
Lightning superbolts are the most powerful and rare lightning events with intense optical emission, first identified from space. Superbolt events occurred in 2010-2018 could be localized by extracting the high energy tail of the lightning stroke signals measured by the very low frequency ground stations of the World-Wide Lightning Location Network. Here, we report electromagnetic observations of superbolts from space using Van Allen Probes satellite measurements, and ground measurements, and with two events measured both from ground and space. From burst-triggered measurements, we compute electric and magnetic power spectral density for very low frequency waves driven by superbolts, both on Earth and transmitted into space, demonstrating that superbolts transmit 10-1000 times more powerful very low frequency waves into space than typical strokes and revealing that their extreme nature is observed in space. We find several properties of superbolts that notably differ from most lightning flashes; a more symmetric first ground-wave peak due to a longer rise time, larger peak current, weaker decay of electromagnetic power density in space with distance, and a power mostly confined in the very low frequency range. Their signal is absent in space during day times and is received with a long-time delay on the Van Allen Probes. These results have implications for our understanding of lightning and superbolts, for ionosphere-magnetosphere wave transmission, wave propagation in space, and remote sensing of extreme events.
Superbolts are powerful, rare lightning events. Here, the authors show simultaneous satellite and ground measurements of a superbolt, and demonstrate different properties of superbolts and lightnings.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Electromagnetic power of lightning superbolts from Earth to space
- Creators
- J.-F. Ripoll - CEA DAM Île-de-FranceT. Farges - CEA DAM Île-de-FranceD. M. Malaspina - University of Colorado BoulderG. S. Cunningham - Los Alamos National LaboratoryE. H. Lay - Los Alamos National LaboratoryG. B. Hospodarsky - University of IowaC. A. Kletzing - University of IowaJ. R. Wygant - University of MinnesotaS. Pédeboy - Météorage
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Nature communications, Vol.12(1), pp.3553-3553
- DOI
- 10.1038/s41467-021-23740-6
- PMID
- 34117233
- PMCID
- PMC8196214
- NLM abbreviation
- Nat Commun
- ISSN
- 2041-1723
- eISSN
- 2041-1723
- Publisher
- Nature Publishing Group UK
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 06/11/2021
- Academic Unit
- Physics and Astronomy
- Record Identifier
- 9984428797302771
Metrics
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