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Enantioselective transport and biotransformation of chiral hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in whole poplar plants
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Enantioselective transport and biotransformation of chiral hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in whole poplar plants

Guangshu Zhai, Sarah M Gutowski, Hans-Joachim Lehmler and Jerald L Schnoor
Environmental science & technology, Vol.48(20), pp.12213-12220
10/21/2014
DOI: 10.1021/es503443e
PMCID: PMC4207536
PMID: 25238141
url
https://doi.org/10.1021/es503443eView
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) have been found to be ubiquitous in the environment due to the oxidative metabolism of their parent PCBs. With more polarity, OH-PCBs may be more toxic and mobile than their parent compounds. However, the behavior and fate of OH-PCBs have been neglected in the environment because they are not the original contaminants. Some of these hydroxylated metabolites are chiral, and chiral compounds can be used to probe biological metabolic processes. Therefore, chiral OH-PCBs were selected to study their uptake, translocation, transformation, and enantioselectivity in plants in this work. Poplars (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34), a model plant with complete genomic sequence, were hydroponically exposed to 5-hydroxy-2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (5-OH-PCB91) and 5-hydroxy-2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (5-OH-PCB95) for 10 days. Chiral 5-OH-PCB91 and 5-OH-PCB95 were clearly shown to be sorbed, taken up, and translocated in whole poplars, and they were detected in various tissues of whole poplars. However, the enantioselectivity of poplar for 5-OH-PCB91 and 5-OH-PCB95 proved to be quite different. The second-eluting enantiomer of OH-PCB95, separated on a chiral column (Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1), was enantioselectively removed in whole poplar. Enantiomeric fractions in the middle xylem, top bark, top xylem, and stem, reached 0.803 ± 0.022, 0.643 ± 0.110, 0.835 ± 0.087, and 0.830 ± 0.029, respectively. Therefore, 5-OH-PCB95 was significantly enantioselectively biotransformed inside poplar tissues, in contrast to nearly racemic mixtures of 5-OH-PCB95 remaining in hydroponic solutions. Unlike 5-OH-PCB95, 5-OH-PCB91 remained nearly racemic in most tissues of whole poplars during 10 day exposure, suggesting the enantiomers of 5-OH-PCB91 were equally transported and metabolized in whole poplars. This is the first evidence of enantioselectivity of chiral OH-PCBs and suggests that poplars can enantioselectively biotransform at least one chiral OH-PCB: namely, 5-OH-PCB95.
Biodegradation, Environmental Plant Transpiration - drug effects Biological Transport Hydroxylation Polychlorinated Biphenyls - toxicity Stereoisomerism Biotransformation Hydroponics Populus - metabolism Polychlorinated Biphenyls - metabolism Populus - drug effects Plant Stems ISRP Project 5 2015-2020 Synthesis Core

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