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Endovascular embolization of high-grade cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas-assessment of long-term recurrences
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Endovascular embolization of high-grade cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas-assessment of long-term recurrences

Alan Mendez-Ruiz, Waldo R. Guerrero, Viktor Szeder, Mudassir Farooqui, Cynthia B. Zevallos, Darko Quispe-Orozco and Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez
Interventional neuroradiology, Vol.28(4), pp.411-418
09/13/2021
DOI: 10.1177/15910199211038277
PMCID: PMC9326856
PMID: 34516298
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9326856View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Introduction Endovascular therapy has shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas; however, recurrence after complete occlusion is not uncommon, and the timing of recurrence remains unknown. Methods A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted from January 2005 to December 2020. Patients with high-grade (>= Borden II-Cognard IIB) dural arteriovenous fistulas treated with endovascular therapy were included in this study. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were collected for hospitalization and at follow-up. Results A total of 51 patients with a median age of 61 years were studied; 57% were female. High-flow symptoms related to the high-flow fistula were the most common presentation (67%), and 24% presented with intracranial hemorrhage. Transverse-sigmoid (26%) and cavernous (26%) sinuses were the most common dural arteriovenous fistula locations. A total of 40 patients (70%) had middle meningeal arterial feeders and 4 (7%) had deep cerebral venous drainage. The mean number of embolization procedures per patient was 1.4. Transarterial access was the most frequent approach (61%). Onyx alone was the most common embolic agent (26%). Complete occlusion rate was achieved in 46 patients (80.1%). Last mean radiographic follow-up time was 26.7 months for all 57 dural arteriovenous fistulas. Dural arteriovenous fistula recurrence after radiographic resolution at last treatment was seen in six cases (6/46, 13.1%). Mean time for recurrence was 15.8 months. Mean time of last clinical follow-up was 46.1 months for the 51 patients (100%). A total of 10 (20%) experienced any procedural complications, among which two (4%) became major thromboembolic events. Conclusion Endovascular therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas. Given the significant recurrence rate of embolized dural arteriovenous fistulas even after 2 years, long-term angiographic follow-up might be needed.
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