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Enterococcus contamination of infant foods and implications for exposure to food-borne pathogens in peri-urban neighborhoods of Kisumu, Kenya
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Enterococcus contamination of infant foods and implications for exposure to food-borne pathogens in peri-urban neighborhoods of Kisumu, Kenya

Fanta D Gutema, Oliver Cumming, Jane Mumma, Sheillah Simiyu, Edwin Attitwa, Bonphace Okoth, John Denge, Daniel Sewell and Kelly K Baker
Epidemiology and infection, Vol.152, e23
2024
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268824000062
PMCID: PMC10894905
PMID: 38264955
Appears in  UI Libraries Support Open Access
url
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268824000062View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

We collected infant food samples from 714 households in Kisumu, Kenya and estimated the prevalence and concentration of Enterococcus, an indicator of food hygiene conditions. In a subset of 212 households, we quantified the change in concentration in stored food between a morning and afternoon feeding time. In addition, household socioeconomic characteristics and hygiene practices of the caregivers were documented. The prevalence of Enterococcus in infant foods was 50% (95% CI: 46.1 - 53.4) and the mean log10 colony forming units (CFU) was 1.1 (SD + 1.4). No risk factors were significantly associated with the prevalence and the concentration of Enterococcus in infant foods. The mean log10 CFU of Enterococcus concentration was 0.47 in the morning and 0.73 in the afternoon foods with a 0.64 log10 mean increase in matched samples during storage. Although no factors were statistically associated with the prevalence and the concentration of Enterococcus in infant foods, household flooring type was significantly associated with an increase in concentration during storage, with finished floors leading to 1.5 times higher odds of concentration increase compared to unfinished floors. Our study revealed high prevalence but low concentration of Enterococcus in infant food in low-income Kisumu households, although concentrations increased during storage implying potential increases in risk of exposure to foodborne pathogens over a day. Further studies aiming at investigating contamination of infant foods with pathogenic organisms and identifying effective mitigation measures are required to ensure infant food safety.
 Food Safety enterococcus foodborne pathogens food hygiene infant foods UIOWA OA Agreement

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