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ErbB2 and p38[gamma] MAPK mediate alcohol-induced increase in breast cancer stem cells and metastasis
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

ErbB2 and p38[gamma] MAPK mediate alcohol-induced increase in breast cancer stem cells and metastasis

Mei Xu, Zhenhua Ren, Xin Wang, Ashley Comer, Jacqueline A Frank, Zun-ji Ke, Yi Huang, Zhuo Zhang, Xianglin Shi, Siying Wang, …
Molecular cancer, Vol.15(1), 52
07/14/2016
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0532-4
PMCID: PMC4944437
PMID: 27416801
url
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-016-0532-4View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Background Both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that excessive alcohol exposure increases the risk for breast cancer and enhances metastasis/recurrence. We have previously demonstrated that alcohol enhanced the migration/invasion of breast cancer cells and cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2/HER2 were more sensitive to alcohol exposure. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying alcohol-enhanced aggressiveness of breast cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in cancer metastasis and recurrence. Methods We evaluated the effect of chronic alcohol exposure on mammary tumor development/metastasis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice and investigated the cell signaling in response to alcohol exposure in breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2/HER2. Results and discussion Chronic alcohol exposure increased breast cancer stem cell-like CSC population and enhanced the lung and colon metastasis in MMTV-neu transgenic mice. Alcohol exposure caused a drastic increase in CSC population and mammosphere formation in breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2/HER2. Alcohol exposure stimulated the phosphorylation of p38[gamma] MAPK (p-p38[gamma]) which was co-localized with phosphorylated ErbB2 and CSCs in the mammary tumor tissues. In vitro results confirmed that alcohol activated ErbB2/HER2 and selectively increased p-p38[gamma] MAPK as well as the interaction between p38[gamma] MAPK and its substrate, SAP97. However, alcohol did not affect the expression/phosphorylation of p38[alpha]/[beta] MAPKs. In breast cancer cell lines, high expression of ErbB2 and p-p38[gamma] MAPK was generally correlated with more CSC population. Blocking ErbB2 signaling abolished heregulin [beta]1- and alcohol-stimulated p-p38[gamma] MAPK and its association with SAP97. More importantly, p38[gamma] MAPK siRNA significantly inhibited an alcohol-induced increase in CSC population, mammosphere formation and migration/invasion of breast cancer cells overexpressing ErbB2. Conclusions p38[gamma] MAPK is downstream of ErbB2 and plays an important role in alcohol-enhanced aggressiveness of breast cancer. Therefore, in addition to ErbB2/HER2, p38[gamma] MAPK may be a potential target for the treatment of alcohol-enhanced cancer aggressiveness. Keywords: Alcohol, Cancer stem cell, p38 gamma, MCF7-ErbB2, Metastasis, Tumor promotion
Breast Cancer Metastasis Development and progression Genetic aspects Mitogen-activated protein kinases Physiological aspects Research

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