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Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids are inversely associated with incident dementia: Secondary analyses of longitudinal data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acids are inversely associated with incident dementia: Secondary analyses of longitudinal data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)

Eric M Ammann, James V Pottala, Jennifer G Robinson, Mark A Espeland and William S Harris
Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids, Vol.121, pp.68-75
06/2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.006
PMCID: PMC5564209
PMID: 28651700
url
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5564209View
Open Access

Abstract

To assess whether red blood cell (RBC) docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA+EPA) levels have a protective association with the risk of dementia in older women. RBC DHA+EPA levels were assessed at baseline, and cognitive status was evaluated annually in a cohort of 6706 women aged ≥65 years who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS). Cox regression was used to quantify the association between RBC DHA+EPA and the risk of probable dementia, independent of major dementia risk factors. During a median follow-up period of 9.8 years, 587 incident cases of probable dementia were identified. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors, a one standard deviation increase in DHA+EPA levels was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.00; p < 0.05). This effect estimate did not meaningfully change after further adjustment for baseline cognitive function and APOE genotype. For women with high DHA+EPA exposure (1SD above mean) compared to low exposure (1SD below mean), the adjusted 15-year absolute risk difference for dementia was 2.1% (95% CI: 0.2%, 4.0%). In secondary analyses, we also observed a protective association with longitudinal change in Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Exam scores, but no significant association with incident MCI, PD/MCI, or baseline 3MS scores. Higher levels of DHA+EPA may help protect against the development of dementia. Results from prospective randomized controlled trials of DHA+EPA supplementation are needed to help clarify whether this association is causal. •We examined the association between erythrocyte EPA+DHA and risk for incident dementia in 6706 women in the USA.•We found a significant, 8% decreased risk over 10 years for probable dementia associated with a 1-SD increase in EPA+DHA.•This large study confirms previous research suggesting that higher EPA+DHA levels may be protective against dementia.
Women Biomarkers All cognitive disorders/dementia Alzheimer's Disease Omega-3 fatty acids Cohort studies

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