Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review

Laural K English; Jamy D Ard; Regan L Bailey; Marlana Bates; Lydia A Bazzano; Carol J Boushey; Clarissa Brown; Gisela Butera; Emily H Callahan; Janet de Jesus; Richard D Mattes; Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis; Rachel Novotny; Julie E Obbagy; Elizabeth B Rahavi; Joan Sabate; Linda G Snetselaar; Eve E Stoody; Linda V Van Horn; Sudha Venkatramanan; Steven B Heymsfield

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277

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Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review

Laural K English, Jamy D Ard, Regan L Bailey, Marlana Bates, Lydia A Bazzano, Carol J Boushey, Clarissa Brown, Gisela Butera, Emily H Callahan, Janet de Jesus, …

JAMA network open, Vol.4(8), pp.e2122277-e2122277

08/02/2021

DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277

PMCID: PMC8408672

PMID: 34463743

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Abstract

The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee conducted a systematic review of existing research on diet and health to inform the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The committee answered this public health question: what is the association between dietary patterns consumed and all-cause mortality (ACM)? To ascertain the association between dietary patterns consumed and ACM. Guided by an analytical framework and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria developed by the committee, the US Department of Agriculture's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase and dual-screened the results to identify articles that were published between January 1, 2000, and October 4, 2019. These studies evaluated dietary patterns and ACM in participants aged 2 years and older. The NESR team extracted data from and assessed risk of bias in included studies. Committee members synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence supporting the conclusion statements. A total of 1 randomized clinical trial and 152 observational studies were included in the review. Studies enrolled adults and older adults (aged 17-84 years at baseline) from 28 countries with high or very high Human Development Index; 53 studies originated from the US. Most studies were well designed, used rigorous methods, and had low or moderate risks of bias. Precision, directness, and generalizability were demonstrated across the body of evidence. Results across studies were highly consistent. Evidence suggested that dietary patterns in adults and older adults that involved higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, unsaturated vegetable oils, fish, and lean meat or poultry (when meat was included) were associated with a decreased risk of ACM. These healthy patterns were also relatively low in red and processed meat, high-fat dairy, and refined carbohydrates or sweets. Some of these dietary patterns also included intake of alcoholic beverages in moderation. Results based on additional analyses with confounding factors generally confirmed the robustness of main findings. In this systematic review, consuming a nutrient-dense dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk of death from all causes.

Cause of Death

Diet - mortality

Diet - standards

Diet - statistics & numerical data

Diet, Healthy - mortality

Diet, Healthy - standards

Diet, Healthy - statistics & numerical data

Humans

Nutrition Policy

United States

Details

Title: Subtitle: Evaluation of Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review
Creators: Laural K English - Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
Jamy D Ard - Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
Regan L Bailey - Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Marlana Bates - Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
Lydia A Bazzano - Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
Carol J Boushey - Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu
Clarissa Brown - ONGA, CNPP, USDA FNS, Alexandria, Virginia
Gisela Butera - Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
Emily H Callahan - Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
Janet de Jesus - Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
Richard D Mattes - Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Elizabeth J Mayer-Davis - Departments of Nutrition and Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
Rachel Novotny - Nutritional Sciences, Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences Department, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu
Julie E Obbagy - Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, Office of Nutrition Guidance and Analysis (ONGA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP), US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), Alexandria, Virginia
Elizabeth B Rahavi - ONGA, CNPP, USDA FNS, Alexandria, Virginia
Joan Sabate - Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyles, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
Linda G Snetselaar - Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
Eve E Stoody - ONGA, CNPP, USDA FNS, Alexandria, Virginia
Linda V Van Horn - Nutrition Division, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
Sudha Venkatramanan - Panum Group, Bethesda, Maryland
Steven B Heymsfield - Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: JAMA network open, Vol.4(8), pp.e2122277-e2122277
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.22277
PMID: 34463743
PMCID: PMC8408672
NLM abbreviation: JAMA Netw Open
ISSN: 2574-3805
eISSN: 2574-3805
Language: English
Date published: 08/02/2021
Academic Unit: Epidemiology; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center; Internal Medicine
Record Identifier: 9984215049502771

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