Journal article
Examining motor evidence for the pause-then-cancel model of action-stopping: Insights from motor system physiology
Journal of neurophysiology, Vol.132(5), pp.1589-1607
11/01/2024
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00048.2024
PMCID: PMC11573278
PMID: 39412561
Abstract
Stopping initiated actions is fundamental to adaptive behavior. Longstanding, single-process accounts of action-stopping have been challenged by recent, two-process, 'pause-then-cancel' models. These models propose that action-stopping involves two inhibitory processes: 1) a fast Pause process, which broadly suppresses the motor system as the result of detecting any salient event, and 2) a slower Cancel process, which involves motor suppression specific to the cancelled action. A purported signature of the Pause process is global suppression, or the reduced corticospinal excitability (CSE) of task-unrelated effectors early on in action-stopping. However, unlike the Pause process, few (if any) motor system signatures of a Cancel process have been identified. Here, we used single- and paired-pulse TMS methods to comprehensively measure the local physiological excitation and inhibition of both responding and task-unrelated motor effector systems during action-stopping. Specifically, we measured CSE, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and the duration of the cortical silent period (CSP). Consistent with key predictions from the pause-then-cancel model, CSE measurements at the responding effector indicated that additional suppression was necessary to counteract Go-related increases in CSE during action-stopping, particularly at later timepoints. Increases in SICI on Stop-signal trials did not differ across task-related and task-unrelated effectors, or across timepoints. This suggests SICI as a potential source of global suppression. Increases in CSP duration on Stop-signal trials were more prominent at later timepoints and were related to individual differences in CSE. Our study provides further evidence from motor system physiology that multiple inhibitory processes influence action-stopping.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Examining motor evidence for the pause-then-cancel model of action-stopping: Insights from motor system physiology
- Creators
- Joshua R Tatz - University of IowaMadeline O Carlson - University of IowaCarson Lovig - University of IowaJan R Wessel - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Journal of neurophysiology, Vol.132(5), pp.1589-1607
- DOI
- 10.1152/jn.00048.2024
- PMID
- 39412561
- PMCID
- PMC11573278
- NLM abbreviation
- J Neurophysiol
- ISSN
- 1522-1598
- eISSN
- 1522-1598
- Publisher
- AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
- Grant note
- 1752355 / National Science Foundation (NSF) NS117753 / HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
- Language
- English
- Electronic publication date
- 10/16/2024
- Date published
- 11/01/2024
- Academic Unit
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychological and Brain Sciences; Iowa Neuroscience Institute
- Record Identifier
- 9984736737602771
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