Journal article
Examining the effect of prescription drug monitoring program integration and mandatory use policies on the distribution of methadone and buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, United States, 2009–2021
Drug and alcohol dependence, Vol.264, 112432
11/01/2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112432
PMID: 39241503
Abstract
Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have been shown to reduce opioid prescribing for pain, but it is not well understood whether PDMPs influence utilization of medications for opioid use disorder. PDMP integration and mandatory use policies are two approaches implemented by states to increase use of PDMPs by prescribers. This study examined the effect of these approaches on distribution of methadone and buprenorphine from 2009 to 2021 for 50 states and DC.
The effect of PDMP integration and mandatory use policies on four outcomes (distribution of buprenorphine to opioid treatment programs, distribution of buprenorphine to pharmacies, distribution of methadone to opioid treatment programs, and the total combined distribution of methadone and buprenorphine) was estimated using a Callaway and Sant’Anna difference-in-differences model, controlling for co-occurring opioid-related state policies.
Distribution of buprenorphine to pharmacies decreased 8 % (95 % CI −14 %, −1 %) following implementation of mandatory use policies. Distribution of methadone to opioid treatment programs increased 17 % (95 % CI 4 %, 34 %) and the total combined distribution of methadone and buprenorphine increased 6 % (95 % CI −0 %, 14 %) following the joint implementation of both approaches.
Distribution of methadone and buprenorphine has increased since 2009, but less than a quarter of people with opioid use disorder currently receive these medications. We observed a small net benefit of PDMP integration and mandatory use policies on distribution of methadone and buprenorphine. Policymakers should continue to assess the impact of PDMPs on access to medications for opioid use disorder and consider additional approaches to increase access to treatment.
•Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are tools to reduce opioid misuse.•PDMP integration and mandatory use policies are approaches to increase PDMP use.•By 2021, most US states had adopted PDMP integration and mandatory use policies.•States with mandatory use policies distributed 8 % less buprenorphine to pharmacies.•States with both approaches distributed 17 % more methadone to treatment programs.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Examining the effect of prescription drug monitoring program integration and mandatory use policies on the distribution of methadone and buprenorphine for opioid use disorder, United States, 2009–2021
- Creators
- Christian E. Johnson - University of IowaGeorge L. Wehby - University of IowaElizabeth A. Chrischilles - University of IowaStephan Arndt - University of IowaRyan M. Carnahan - University of Iowa
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- Drug and alcohol dependence, Vol.264, 112432
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.112432
- PMID
- 39241503
- NLM abbreviation
- Drug Alcohol Depend
- ISSN
- 0376-8716
- eISSN
- 1879-0046
- Publisher
- Elsevier B.V
- Grant note
Role of Funding Source Nothing declared Contributors Data collection, data analysis, and manuscript preparation for this paper were accomplished using author team salary support by the University of Iowa. The University of Iowa played no further role in the research presented. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 11/01/2024
- Academic Unit
- Preventive and Community Dentistry; Pharmacy; Psychiatry; Health Management and Policy; Epidemiology; Economics; Biostatistics; Nursing; Injury Prevention Research Center
- Record Identifier
- 9984701759302771
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