Journal article
Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials
The Lancet (British edition), Vol.372(9635), pp.300-313
07/26/2008
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61114-9
PMID: 18657709
Abstract
UNICEF/WHO recommends that infants born to HIV-infected mothers who do not have access to acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable, and safe replacement feeding should be exclusively breastfed for at least 6 months. The aim of three trials in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda was to assess whether daily nevirapine given to breastfed infants through 6 weeks of age can decrease HIV transmission via breastfeeding.
HIV-infected women breastfeeding their infants were eligible for participation. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either single-dose nevirapine (nevirapine 200 mg to women in labour and nevirapine 2 mg/kg to newborns after birth) or 6 week extended-dose nevirapine (nevirapine 200 mg to women in labour and nevirapine 2 mg/kg to newborn babies after birth plus nevirapine 5 mg daily from days 8-42 for the infant). The randomisation sequences were generated by computer at a central data coordinating centre. The primary endpoint was HIV infection at 6 months of age in infants who were HIV PCR negative at birth. Analyses were by modified intention to treat, excluding infants with missing specimens and those with indeterminate or confirmed HIV infection at birth. These studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00074399, NCT00061321, and NCT00639938.
2024 liveborn infants randomised in the study had at least one specimen tested before 6 months of age (1047 infants in the single-dose group and 977 infants in the extended-dose group). The modified intention-to-treat population included 986 infants in the single-dose group and 901 in the extended-dose group. At 6 months, 87 children in the single-dose group and 62 in the extended-dose group were infected with HIV (relative risk 0.80, 95% CI 0.58-1.10; p=0.16). At 6 weeks of age, 54 children in the single-dose group and 25 in the extended-dose group were HIV positive (0.54, 0.34-0.85; p=0.009). 393 infants in the single-dose group and 346 in the extended-dose group experienced grade 3 or 4 serious adverse events during the study (p=0.54).
Although a 6-week regimen of daily nevirapine might be associated with a reduction in the risk of HIV transmission at 6 weeks of age, the lack of a significant reduction in the primary endpoint-risk of HIV transmission at 6 months-suggests that a longer course of daily infant nevirapine to prevent HIV transmission via breast milk might be more effective where access to affordable and safe replacement feeding is not yet available and where the risks of replacement feeding are high.
US National Institutes of Health; US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Fogarty International Center.
Details
- Title: Subtitle
- Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for infants to prevent HIV transmission via breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an analysis of three randomised controlled trials
- Creators
- Abubaker BedriBerhanu GudettaAbdulhamid IsehakSolomon KumbiSileshi LulsegedYohannes MengistuArvind V BhoreRamesh BhosaleVenkat VaradhrajanNikhil GupteJayagowri SastryNishi SuryavanshiSrikanth TripathyFrancis MmiroMichael MubiruCarolyne OnyangoAdrian TaylorPhilippa MusokeClemensia NakabiitoAida AbashawlRahel AdamuGretchen AntelmanRobert C BollingerPatricia BrightMohammad A ChaudharyJacqueline CoberlyLaura GuayMary Glenn FowlerAmita GuptaElham HassenJ Brooks JacksonLawrence H MoultonUma NayakSaad B OmerLidia PropperMalathi RamVivian RexroadAndrea J RuffAnita ShankarSheryl Zwerski
- Resource Type
- Journal article
- Publication Details
- The Lancet (British edition), Vol.372(9635), pp.300-313
- Publisher
- England
- DOI
- 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61114-9
- PMID
- 18657709
- ISSN
- 0140-6736
- eISSN
- 1474-547X
- Grant note
- R01AI3857601A / NIAID NIH HHS R01AI45462 / NIAID NIH HHS D43-TW0000 / FIC NIH HHS R01AI34235 / NIAID NIH HHS
- Language
- English
- Date published
- 07/26/2008
- Academic Unit
- Pathology; VPMA - Administration
- Record Identifier
- 9984046830902771
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