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Facial Dysostoses: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Management
Journal article

Facial Dysostoses: Etiology, Pathogenesis and Management

Paul A. Trainor and Brian T. Andrews
American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics, Vol.163(4), pp.283-294
11/01/2013
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31375
PMCID: PMC3870197
PMID: 24123981

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Abstract

Approximately 1% of all live births exhibit a minor or major congenital anomaly. Of these approximately one-third display craniofacial abnormalities which are a significant cause of infant mortality and dramatically affect national health care budgets. To date, more than 700 distinct craniofacial syndromes have been described and in this review, we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and management of facial dysostoses with a particular emphasis on Treacher Collins, Nager and Miller syndromes. As we continue to develop and improve medical and surgical care for the management of individual conditions, it is essential at the same time to better characterize their etiology and pathogenesis. Here we describe recent advances in our understanding of the development of facial dysostosis with a view towards early in utero identification and intervention which could minimize the manifestation of anomalies prior to birth. The ultimate management for any craniofacial anomaly however, would be prevention and we discuss this possibility in relation to facial dysostosis. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics & Heredity Life Sciences & Biomedicine Science & Technology

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