Far-Infrared Hyperbolic Phonon-Polaritons in Zirconium Disulfide

Subhodip Saha; Ryan Kowalski; Joseph R Matson; Thomas G Folland; Tony Low; Joshua D Caldwell; In-Ho Lee; Sang-Hyun Oh

doi:10.1002/adma.74154

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Far-Infrared Hyperbolic Phonon-Polaritons in Zirconium Disulfide

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Far-Infrared Hyperbolic Phonon-Polaritons in Zirconium Disulfide

Subhodip Saha, Ryan Kowalski, Joseph R Matson, Thomas G Folland, Tony Low, Joshua D Caldwell, In-Ho Lee and Sang-Hyun Oh

Advanced materials (Weinheim), e74154

08/06/2026

DOI: 10.1002/adma.74154

PMID: 42563269

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Abstract

Group-IVB transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently emerged as a promising material platform for extreme light confinement, with Hf-based compounds demonstrating confinement factors exceeding two orders of magnitude in the far-infrared. As a complementary Zr-based member of this material family, zirconium disulfide ( ) combines a comparably broad first Reststrahlen band with semiconducting electronic character, providing a wide spectral window for phonon-dominated far-infrared hyperbolic polaritonics. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of far-infrared hyperbolic phonon polaritons in the group-IVB TMD using a resonator-assisted far-field spectroscopy platform. An unpatterned flake integrated with a metallic ribbon array forms a phonon polariton resonator, enabling efficient far-field excitation of phonon polaritons while suppressing extrinsic scattering losses. This high coupling efficiency enables far-field observation of multiple polaritonic resonances beyond the fundamental branch. The large normalized light-matter coupling strength of enables ultrahigh in-plane momenta, with effective refractive indices as high as 223. Despite this extreme confinement, linewidth analysis indicates that the measured damping is primarily governed by intrinsic propagation loss, corresponding to a sub-picosecond polariton lifetime. These results establish as a van der Waals hyperbolic material platform for ultraconfined far-infrared phonon polaritons and highlight the potential of group-IVB TMDs for compact far-infrared nanophotonic and thermal photonic applications.

light–matter interactions

far‐infrared spectroscopy

transition metal dichalcogenides

hyperbolic phonon polaritons

Details

Title: Subtitle: Far-Infrared Hyperbolic Phonon-Polaritons in Zirconium Disulfide
Creators: Subhodip Saha - University of Minnesota
Ryan Kowalski - Vanderbilt University
Joseph R Matson - Vanderbilt University
Thomas G Folland - University of Iowa
Tony Low - University of Minnesota
Joshua D Caldwell - Vanderbilt University
In-Ho Lee - Korea Institute of Science and Technology
Sang-Hyun Oh - University of Minnesota
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Advanced materials (Weinheim), e74154
DOI: 10.1002/adma.74154
PMID: 42563269
NLM abbreviation: Adv Mater
ISSN: 1521-4095
eISSN: 1521-4095
Publisher: Wiley
Grant note: 80NSSC22K1201 / NASA RS-2023-00211359 / National Research Foundation of Korea N00014-22-1-2035 / Office of Naval Research 26E0002 / Korea Institute of Science and Technology RS-2025-25465174 / National Research Foundation of Korea GTL25011-210 / National Research Council of Science and Technology ECCS Award No. 1809723 / National Science Foundation N00014-24-1-2284 / Office of Naval Research N00014-23-1-2567 / Office of Naval Research
Language: English
Electronic publication date: 08/06/2026
Academic Unit: Physics and Astronomy
Record Identifier: 9985217067702771

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