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Farm Vehicle Following Distance Estimation Using Deep Learning and Monocular Camera Images
Journal article   Open access   Peer reviewed

Farm Vehicle Following Distance Estimation Using Deep Learning and Monocular Camera Images

Saeed Arabi, Anuj Sharma, Michelle Reyes, Cara Hamann and Corinne Peek-Asa
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), Vol.22(7), p.2736
04/01/2022
DOI: 10.3390/s22072736
PMCID: PMC9003299
PMID: 35408350
url
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072736View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive solution for distance estimation of the following vehicle solely based on visual data from a low-resolution monocular camera. To this end, a pair of vehicles were instrumented with real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS, and the lead vehicle was equipped with custom devices that recorded video of the following vehicle. Forty trials were recorded with a sedan as the following vehicle, and then the procedure was repeated with a pickup truck in the following position. Vehicle detection was then conducted by employing a deep-learning-based framework on the video footage. Finally, the outputs of the detection were used for following distance estimation. In this study, three main methods for distance estimation were considered and compared: linear regression model, pinhole model, and artificial neural network (ANN). RTK GPS was used as the ground truth for distance estimation. The output of this study can contribute to the methodological base for further understanding of driver following behavior with a long-term goal of reducing rear-end collisions.
 Engineering Physical Sciences Technology Chemistry Chemistry, Analytical Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Instruments & Instrumentation Science & Technology

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