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FcR-independent effects of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid
Journal article   Peer reviewed

FcR-independent effects of IgE and IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid

Kelly N Messingham, Rupasree Srikantha, Amy M DeGueme and Janet A Fairley
The Journal of immunology (1950), Vol.187(1), pp.553-560
07/01/2011
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001753
PMID: 21646296

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Abstract

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a subepidermal blistering disease characterized by IgE and IgG class autoantibodies specific for 180-kDa BP Ag 2 (BP180), a protein involved in cell-substrate attachment. Although some direct effects of BP IgG have been observed on keratinocytes, no study to date has examined direct effects of BP IgE. In this study, we use primary cultures of human keratinocytes to demonstrate Ag-specific binding and internalization of BP IgE. Moreover, when BP IgE and BP IgG were compared, both isotypes stimulated FcR- independent production of IL-6 and IL-8, cytokines critical for BP pathology, and elicited changes in culture confluence and viability. We then used a human skin organ culture model to test the direct effects of these Abs on the skin, whereas excluding the immune inflammatory processes that are triggered by these Abs. In these experiments, physiologic concentrations of BP IgE and BP IgG exerted similar effects on human skin by stimulating IL-6 and IL-8 production and decreasing the number of hemidesmosomes localized at the basement membrane zone. We propose that the Ab-mediated loss of hemidesmosomes could weaken attachment of basal keratinocytes to the basement membrane zone of affected skin, thereby contributing to blister formation. In this article, we identify a novel role for IgE class autoantibodies in BP mediated through an interaction with BP180 on the keratinocyte surface. In addition, we provide evidence for an FcR-independent mechanism for both IgE and IgG class autoantibodies that could contribute to BP pathogenesis.
 Autoantibodies - metabolism Autoantigens - metabolism Immunoglobulin G - physiology Skin - metabolism Humans Receptors, Fc - metabolism Basement Membrane - pathology Non-Fibrillar Collagens - immunology Cell Culture Techniques Pemphigoid, Bullous - metabolism Receptors, Fc - physiology Organ Culture Techniques Skin - pathology Skin - immunology Immunoglobulin E - metabolism Basement Membrane - metabolism Keratinocytes - immunology Pemphigoid, Bullous - pathology Basement Membrane - immunology Non-Fibrillar Collagens - metabolism Keratinocytes - pathology Autoantibodies - physiology Keratinocytes - metabolism Autoantigens - immunology Immunoglobulin E - physiology Binding Sites, Antibody Pemphigoid, Bullous - immunology Immunoglobulin G - metabolism

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