Femoral loads during passive, active, and active-resistive stance after spinal cord injury: a mathematical model

Laura A Frey Law; Richard K Shields

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.005

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Femoral loads during passive, active, and active-resistive stance after spinal cord injury: a mathematical model

Journal article

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Peer reviewed

Femoral loads during passive, active, and active-resistive stance after spinal cord injury: a mathematical model

Laura A Frey Law and Richard K Shields

Clinical biomechanics (Bristol), Vol.19(3), pp.313-321

03/2004

DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.005

PMCID: PMC3612552

PMID: 15003348

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to estimate the loading environment for the distal femur during a novel standing exercise paradigm for people with spinal cord injury. A mathematical model based on experimentally derived parameters. Musculoskeletal deterioration is common after spinal cord injury, often resulting in osteoporotic bone and increased risk of lower extremity fracture. Potential mechanical treatments have yet to be shown to be efficacious; however, no previous attempts have been made to quantify the lower extremity loading during passive, active, and active-resistive stance. A static, 2-D model was developed to estimate the external forces; the activated quadriceps forces; and the overall bone compression and shear forces in the distal femur during passive (total support of frame), active (quadriceps activated minimally), and active-resistive (quadriceps activated against a resistance) stance. Passive, active, and active-resistive stance resulted in maximal distal femur compression estimates of approximately 45%, approximately 75%, and approximately 240% of body weight, respectively. Quadriceps force estimates peaked at 190% of body weight with active-resistive stance. The distal femur shear force estimates never exceeded 24% of body weight with any form of stance. These results support our hypothesis that active-resistive stance induces the highest lower extremity loads of the three stance paradigms, while keeping shear to a minimum. This model allows clinicians to better understand the lower extremity forces resulting from passive, active, and active-resistive stance in individuals with spinal cord injury.

Biomechanical Phenomena

Electric Stimulation

Posture - physiology

Models, Biological

Humans

Knee Joint - physiopathology

Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology

Ankle Joint - physiopathology

Spinal Cord Injuries - physiopathology

Femur - physiopathology

Thigh - physiopathology

Details

Title: Subtitle: Femoral loads during passive, active, and active-resistive stance after spinal cord injury: a mathematical model
Creators: Laura A Frey Law - Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, The University of Iowa, 1-252 Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Richard K Shields
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Clinical biomechanics (Bristol), Vol.19(3), pp.313-321
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2003.12.005
PMID: 15003348
PMCID: PMC3612552
NLM abbreviation: Clin Biomech (Bristol)
ISSN: 0268-0033
eISSN: 1879-1271
Publisher: England
Grant note: R01 HD039445 / NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD39445 / NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD039445-02 / NICHD NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 03/2004
Academic Unit: Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; Nursing; Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science
Record Identifier: 9984047889802771

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