Fine-Needle Aspiration of Histoplasmosis in the Era of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endobronchial Ultrasound: Cytomorphologic Features and Correlation With Clinical Laboratory Testing

Michael P GAILEY; J Stacey Klutts; Chris S JENSEN

doi:10.1002/cncy.21298

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Fine-Needle Aspiration of Histoplasmosis in the Era of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endobronchial Ultrasound: Cytomorphologic Features and Correlation With Clinical Laboratory Testing

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Fine-Needle Aspiration of Histoplasmosis in the Era of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endobronchial Ultrasound: Cytomorphologic Features and Correlation With Clinical Laboratory Testing

Michael P GAILEY, J Stacey Klutts and Chris S JENSEN

Cancer cytopathology, Vol.121(9), pp.508-517

2013

DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21298

PMID: 23677891

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Abstract

BACKGROUND Histoplasmosis has a textbook cytologic description with numerous intracellular organisms that are readily apparent on routine stains. This is based on series and reports describing histoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients with disseminated disease. With the advent of ultrasound‐guided (US) fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) techniques, a marked increase in the cytologic diagnosis of histoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients is noted. METHODS A search identified all cytology cases diagnosed with Histoplasma within the past 10 years. Cases were reviewed, along with patient demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. RESULTS A total of 40 FNA cases of histoplasmosis were identified. Patients ranged in age from 15 years to 86 years. There were 23 female patients and 17 male patients; 37 were immunocompetent and 3 were immunosuppressed. Sixteen patients were being staged for primary tumors of other sites; others presented with primary pulmonary symptoms or histoplasmosis was noted incidentally. Specimens were composed of bland acellular necrosis, most commonly with granulomas (77.5%); only rare intracellular organisms were present on routine stains, and variable extracellular organisms were noted on Grocott methenamine silver stain (GMS) stain. GMS stain on direct smears was found to be more sensitive than cell block. Laboratory studies for urine antigen, yeast, and mycelial antibody (by compliment fixation), serum antibody (by immunodiffusion), and culture were positive in 11.8%, 59.1%, 4.5%, 47.6%, and 3.4% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In an endemic region, histoplasmosis presents more commonly in immunocompetent patients as localized fibrocaseous disease on FNA and is often identified by high‐resolution imaging. FNA is increasingly used in the diagnosis because of endoscopic ultrasound and endobronchial ultrasound. GMS stain on direct smears is more sensitive than cell block. In general, laboratory tests have low sensitivity in this patient population.

Infectious Diseases

Human mycoses

Tropical mycoses

Histoplasmoses

Mycoses

Biological and medical sciences

Medical sciences

Details

Title: Subtitle: Fine-Needle Aspiration of Histoplasmosis in the Era of Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endobronchial Ultrasound: Cytomorphologic Features and Correlation With Clinical Laboratory Testing
Creators: Michael P GAILEY - Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
J Stacey Klutts - Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Chris S JENSEN - Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Cancer cytopathology, Vol.121(9), pp.508-517
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.21298
PMID: 23677891
NLM abbreviation: Cancer Cytopathol
ISSN: 1934-662X
eISSN: 1934-6638
Publisher: Wiley; Hoboken, NJ
Language: English
Date published: 2013
Academic Unit: Pathology
Record Identifier: 9984047616702771

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