Finite state machine-based modeling of shape memory alloy actuators: A multi-physics approach for predicting thermo-mechanical behavior and hysteresis

Elio Matteo Curcio; Emanuele Sgambitterra; Caterina Lamuta; Carmine Maletta; Fabrizio Niccoli

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116990

Back

Finite state machine-based modeling of shape memory alloy actuators: A multi-physics approach for predicting thermo-mechanical behavior and hysteresis

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Finite state machine-based modeling of shape memory alloy actuators: A multi-physics approach for predicting thermo-mechanical behavior and hysteresis

Elio Matteo Curcio, Emanuele Sgambitterra, Caterina Lamuta, Carmine Maletta and Fabrizio Niccoli

Sensors and actuators. A. Physical, Vol.394, 116990

11/01/2025

DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116990

Files and links (1)

url

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2025.116990View

Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

This study introduces a novel multi-physics one-dimensional simulation framework for shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators, addressing their complex electro-thermo-mechanical coupling and hysteretic behavior. By integrating a constitutive model based on Brinson’s formulation with a Finite State Machine (FSM) methodology, the framework captures the path-dependent phase transformations inherent to SMAs under different loading scenarios. The FSM approach simplifies system representation and enhances scalability, enabling efficient real-time simulations and control strategies. Experimental validations were carried out using NiTi SMA wires under various thermo-mechanical loading conditions, with results highlighting the ability of the model to predict stress-strain-temperature responses and hysteresis effects even under partial transformation cycling. The proposed FSM-based formulation demonstrates high accuracy across varying configurations and loading paths, establishing it as a viable tool for SMA actuators thermomechanical performance prediction and control system integration. [Display omitted] •A novel Finite State Machine (FSM)-based simulation framework for SMA actuators is proposed for the first time.•Modified Brinson equations for transformation kinetics improve accuracy in predicting SMA phase transformations.•FSM-based model captures SMA thermo-mechanical hysteresis and simulates full/partial crystallographic transformations.•Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of the model under diverse loading conditions and constraints, highlighting its potential as a real-time control tool.

Actuators

Electric-thermo-mechanical modeling

Finite state machine

NiTi

Shape memory alloys

Details

Title: Subtitle: Finite state machine-based modeling of shape memory alloy actuators: A multi-physics approach for predicting thermo-mechanical behavior and hysteresis
Creators: Elio Matteo Curcio - University of Calabria
Emanuele Sgambitterra - University of Calabria
Caterina Lamuta - University of Iowa
Carmine Maletta - University of Calabria
Fabrizio Niccoli - University of Calabria
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Sensors and actuators. A. Physical, Vol.394, 116990
DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2025.116990
ISSN: 0924-4247
eISSN: 1873-3069
Publisher: Elsevier B.V
Grant note: Italian Ministry of University and Research: ARS01_00882 Pon Ricerca e Competitivita: 2007/2013
This work was funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research through the project "ARIA-Active Responsive Intelligent Aerodynamics" grant number ARS01_00882, within the program PON "R & I" 2014-2020. Tensile tests and IR full-field measurements were carried out in the "MaTeRiA Laboratory" (University of Calabria) , funded with "Pon Ricerca e Competitivita 2007/2013".
Language: English
Date published: 11/01/2025
Academic Unit: Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering
Record Identifier: 9984949227002771

Metrics

2 Record Views