From APOBEC to ZAP: Diverse mechanisms used by cellular restriction factors to inhibit virus infections

Mahesh Chemudupati; Adam D Kenney; Serena Bonifati; Ashley Zani; Temet M McMichael; Li Wu; Jacob S Yount

doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.012

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From APOBEC to ZAP: Diverse mechanisms used by cellular restriction factors to inhibit virus infections

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

From APOBEC to ZAP: Diverse mechanisms used by cellular restriction factors to inhibit virus infections

Mahesh Chemudupati, Adam D Kenney, Serena Bonifati, Ashley Zani, Temet M McMichael, Li Wu and Jacob S Yount

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Vol.1866(3), pp.382-394

03/2019

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.012

PMCID: PMC6334645

PMID: 30290238

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Abstract

Antiviral restriction factors are cellular proteins that inhibit the entry, replication, or spread of viruses. These proteins are critical components of the innate immune system and function to limit the severity and host range of virus infections. Here we review the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of several restriction factors that affect multiple viruses at distinct stages of their life cycles. For example, APOBEC3G deaminates cytosines to hypermutate reverse transcribed viral DNA; IFITM3 alters membranes to inhibit virus membrane fusion; MXA/B oligomerize on viral protein complexes to inhibit virus replication; SAMHD1 decreases dNTP intracellular concentrations to prevent reverse transcription of retrovirus genomes; tetherin prevents release of budding virions from cells; Viperin catalyzes formation of a nucleoside analogue that inhibits viral RNA polymerases; and ZAP binds virus RNAs to target them for degradation. We also discuss countermeasures employed by specific viruses against these restriction factors, and mention secondary functions of several of these factors in modulating immune responses. These important examples highlight the diverse strategies cells have evolved to combat virus infections. •Cellular restriction factors utilize diverse mechanisms to inhibit virus infections.•Restriction factors utilize both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms.•Viruses are inhibited at numerous stages of their life cycles by restriction factors.•Viruses often encode proteins that counteract restriction factors.•Many restriction factors serve dual roles as immunomodulators.

Restriction factor

Interferon stimulated gene

Virus infection

Details

Title: Subtitle: From APOBEC to ZAP: Diverse mechanisms used by cellular restriction factors to inhibit virus infections
Creators: Mahesh Chemudupati - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Adam D Kenney - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Serena Bonifati - Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Ashley Zani - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Temet M McMichael - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Li Wu - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Jacob S Yount - Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research, Vol.1866(3), pp.382-394
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.012
PMID: 30290238
PMCID: PMC6334645
NLM abbreviation: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res
ISSN: 0167-4889
eISSN: 1879-2596
Publisher: Elsevier B.V
Grant note: DOI: 10.13039/100000002, name: NIH, award: AI130110, AI104483
Language: English
Date published: 03/2019
Academic Unit: Microbiology and Immunology
Record Identifier: 9984001111202771

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