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Fungal Indoloditerpenoids: Chemical Diversity, Biological Activity, Biosynthesis, and Organic Synthesis
Journal article   Open access

Fungal Indoloditerpenoids: Chemical Diversity, Biological Activity, Biosynthesis, and Organic Synthesis

Xueyi Hu, Linghong Meng, James B. Gloer and Bingui Wang
MarineMedicine, Vol.1(1), pp.72-101
10/31/2025
DOI: 10.64187/mm.2025010105
url
https://doi.org/10.64187/mm.2025010105View
Published (Version of record) Open Access

Abstract

Indoloditerpenoids (IDTs) are a group of fungal metabolites that have attracted considerable attention from natural product chemists due to their diverse structures and potent bioactivities. A total of 317 IDTs is included in this review, and some of them exhibit antitumor, antiinsectan, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. Among them, 60% IDTs were isolated from marine-derived fungi, indicating the significant role of the marine ecological environment. The chemical structures of IDTs have been determined mainly by NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallographic analysis, while the absolute configurations have been largely assigned by Mosher’s method and chiral spectroscopic protocols such as computed ECD, VCD, and optical rotations. This review covers the literature up to the middle of 2025, illustrating the chemical diversity of IDTs from the fungal kingdom. Biosynthesis and organic synthesis of IDTs are also summarized.

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