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Further Evaluation of Factors That May Predict Biphasic Reactions in Emergency Department Anaphylaxis Patients
Journal article   Peer reviewed

Further Evaluation of Factors That May Predict Biphasic Reactions in Emergency Department Anaphylaxis Patients

Sangil Lee, Alexa Peterson, Christine M. Lohse, Erik P. Hess and Ronna L. Campbell
The journal of allergy and clinical immunology in practice (Cambridge, MA), Vol.5(5), pp.1295-1301
09/2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2017.07.020
PMID: 28888253

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Abstract

Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction that is commonly treated in the emergency department (ED). The risk of a biphasic reaction is the rationale for observation. To derive a prediction rule to stratify ED anaphylaxis patients at risk of a biphasic reaction. We conducted an observational study of a cohort of patients presenting to an academic ED with signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. We collected clinical data on biphasic reactions meeting National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network diagnostic criteria. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of biphasic reactions, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs are reported. The predictive ability of the model features is summarized using the area under a receiver operating characteristics curve, or AUC. Internally validated AUCs were obtained using bootstrap resampling. We identified 872 anaphylaxis-related visits. Thirty-six (4.1%) visits resulted in biphasic reactions. Multivariable analysis showed that prior anaphylaxis (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.33-5.63), unknown inciting trigger (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.14-4.99), and first epinephrine administration more than 60 minutes after symptom onset (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.09-4.79) were statistically significantly associated with biphasic reactions. The AUC of this model was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.61-0.79), with an internally validated AUC of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.59-0.76). The P value from the goodness-of-fit test was .91. Our study demonstrated a 4.1% rate of biphasic reactions and found that prior anaphylaxis, unknown inciting trigger, and delayed epinephrine use were risk factors for biphasic reactions.
Anaphylaxis Biphasic reaction Prediction model

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