Gene, cell, and organ multiplication drives inner ear evolution

Bernd Fritzsch; Karen L Elliott

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.034

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Gene, cell, and organ multiplication drives inner ear evolution

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Gene, cell, and organ multiplication drives inner ear evolution

Bernd Fritzsch and Karen L Elliott

Developmental biology, Vol.431(1), pp.3-15

11/01/2017

DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.034

PMCID: PMC5643246

PMID: 28866362

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Abstract

We review the development and evolution of the ear neurosensory cells, the aggregation of neurosensory cells into an otic placode, the evolution of novel neurosensory structures dedicated to hearing and the evolution of novel nuclei in the brain and their input dedicated to processing those novel auditory stimuli. The evolution of the apparently novel auditory system lies in duplication and diversification of cell fate transcription regulation that allows variation at the cellular level [transforming a single neurosensory cell into a sensory cell connected to its targets by a sensory neuron as well as diversifying hair cells], organ level [duplication of organ development followed by diversification and novel stimulus acquisition] and brain nuclear level [multiplication of transcription factors to regulate various neuron and neuron aggregate fate to transform the spinal cord into the unique hindbrain organization]. Tying cell fate changes driven by bHLH and other transcription factors into cell and organ changes is at the moment tentative as not all relevant factors are known and their gene regulatory network is only rudimentary understood. Future research can use the blueprint proposed here to provide both the deeper molecular evolutionary understanding as well as a more detailed appreciation of developmental networks. This understanding can reveal how an auditory system evolved through transformation of existing cell fate determining networks and thus how neurosensory evolution occurred through molecular changes affecting cell fate decision processes. Appreciating the evolutionary cascade of developmental program changes could allow identifying essential steps needed to restore cells and organs in the future.

Gene Duplication

Hair Cells, Auditory - cytology

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - physiology

Ear, Inner - anatomy & histology

Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors - genetics

Hearing - genetics

Ear, Inner - physiology

Mechanoreceptors - physiology

Auditory Pathways - growth & development

Biological Evolution

Animals

Sensory Receptor Cells - cytology

Auditory Pathways - physiology

Hair Cells, Auditory - physiology

Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology

Models, Biological

Mechanoreceptors - cytology

Hearing - physiology

Ear, Inner - growth & development

Evolution, Molecular

Details

Title: Subtitle: Gene, cell, and organ multiplication drives inner ear evolution
Creators: Bernd Fritzsch - University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. Electronic address: bernd-fritzsch@uiowa.edu
Karen L Elliott - University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
Resource Type: Journal article
Publication Details: Developmental biology, Vol.431(1), pp.3-15
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.08.034
PMID: 28866362
PMCID: PMC5643246
NLM abbreviation: Dev Biol
ISSN: 0012-1606
eISSN: 1095-564X
Publisher: United States
Grant note: R01 DC005590 / NIDCD NIH HHS R03 DC015333 / NIDCD NIH HHS
Language: English
Date published: 11/01/2017
Academic Unit: Iowa Neuroscience Institute; Biology; Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center
Record Identifier: 9984070555502771

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